A Brief Note On Physician Assisted Suicide ( Pas )

Physician-assisted suicide (PAS) has fueled a lot of debate ever since it was first legalized in Oregon in 1997. PAS is when a doctor prescribes a medication that the patient can use to end their life. Washington legalized PAS in March of 2009, but only saw 255 individuals in 2012 who acquired the medication necessary to end their life from their doctor, resulting in only 24 of those patients using the prescription (McBride 45). It is debatable whether or not PAS should be seen as the equivalent to the suicide that we have labeled as immoral and have tried to prevent while others also question whether PAS is a reasonable solution to the suffering that terminally ill patients are inevitably being put through. I believe PAS should not be legalized in any other state and should, therefore, become illegal in the four states which now allow it and instead train their doctors to provide better palliative care for their patients. To begin, individuals who agree with PAS support their ar gument by focusing on the suffering that the patient would no longer have to go through. Supporters have called it the â€Å"right-to-die movement† and are concentrating on informing the public that people who are suffering due to their terminal illness have the right to die and would have, what they have deemed as, a death with dignity (Lachman 121). PAS has gained names which reflect it in a positive light such as â€Å"right to die, good death, rational suicide, aid in dying, and merciful release†Show MoreRelatedEuthanasia Is The Other Form And It Takes Place Against The Patient s Consent1005 Words   |  5 Pagesand it takes place against the patient’s consent. Finally, non-voluntary euthanasia is whereby a physician carries out the act despite the fact that the patient does not have the ability to make the decision. To understand the slippery slope here, it is important to take note of the fact that all these forms of euthanasia are morally demeaning sin ce they do not uphold the right to life. Legalizing PAS would, therefore, imply that the right to life is being violated. It also dehumanizes patients andRead MoreThe Death Of Euthanasia And Euthanasia3752 Words   |  16 Pagesdeath against their will or without asking. This form of euthanasia is usually only brought up in slippery slope arguments and at the level of social policy. Physician assisted suicide is similar to active euthanasia and usually supported on the same grounds, except in the former, it is the patient who â€Å"kills†, while in the later, it is the physician who â€Å"kills† (6). Before assessing the morality of such practices, we should take a look at some common arguments. James Rachels argues that the traditionalRead MoreEssay on Active Euthanasia, Free Will and Autonomy1945 Words   |  8 Pagesprotracted struggles with chronic illnesses such as heart disease and cancer. (Horgan, 1997). As the U.S. Supreme Court reconsiders the constitutionality of Physician- Assisted Suicide (PAS), conservative medical organizations such as The American Medical Association, the American Nursing Association and the National Hospice Society have filed briefs with the Supreme Court opposing it (Horgan, 1997). Indeed, many U.S. health care providers in the medical service sector, advocate the development ofRead More Euthanasia Must Not Be Legalized Essays2091 Words   |  9 PagesBritain is assisted dying for the terminally ill bill. This bill was tabled in 2006 (BBC,n.d). As emphasize in the bill, â€Å"To enable a competent adult who is suffering unbearably as a result of a terminal illness to receive medical assistance to die at his own considered and persistent request; and to make provision for a person suffering from a terminal illness to receive pain relief medication (Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Act, 2004).† There are 3 major conditions in assisted dying thatRead More Biography of Edgar Allan Poe Essay11890 Words   |  48 Pagesspoiled as a very little boy, a propensity on the part of the women which the foster-father tried to offset by occasional but probably welltimed severity. In 1815 the family sailed for England on the Ship Lothair, taking Edgar with them, After a brief stay in London they visited Scotch relatives, the Galts, Allans, and Fowlds, at Kilmarnock, Irvine, and other places about Ayrshire. A journey was made to Glasgow and then back to London in the late fall of 1815 when Edgar was sent back to ScotlandRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesC—Miscellaneous Improvements TITLE III—PROMOTING PRIMARY CARE, MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, AND COORDINATED CARE TITLE IV—QUALITY Subtitle A—Comparative Effectiveness Research Subtitle B—Nursing Home Transparency Subtitle C—Quality Measurements Subtitle D—Physician Payments Sunshine Provision Subtitle E—Public Reporting on Health Care-Associated Infections TITLE V—MEDICARE GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION TITLE VI—PROGRAM INTEGRITY †¢HR 3962 IH VerDate Nov 24 2008 12:56 Oct 30, 2009 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Read MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 Pagesdevelopment pipeline and discusses shareholder return in the form of dividends and share price movements. 58 60 64 69 71 74 84 91 94 96 101 Financial statements Directors’ statement of responsibilities Independent Auditors’ report Financial statements Notes to the ï ¬ nancial statements Financial statements of GlaxoSmithKline plc prepared under UK GAAP 102 103 104 109 188 Shareholder information Quarterly trend Five year record Product development pipeline Share price and dividends Nature of tradingRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 PagesSHIFTS Projections of the growth and decline in jobs illustrates the economic and employment shifts currently occurring. Figure 1—1 indicates the occupations with the largest percentage growth anticipated between 1996 and 2006. It is interesting to note that in Figure 1—1 most of the fastest-growing occupations percentagewise are related to information technology or health care. The increase in the technology jobs is due to the rapid increase in the use of information technology, such as databasesRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagescustomer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). DeCenzo, David A, Robbins, Stephen P. Fundamentals of Human Resource Management—10th ed. ISBN-13 978-0470-16968-1 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Brief Contents PA RT 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 UNDERSTANDING HRM The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Fundamentals of Strategic HRM 28 PART 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTEXT OF HRM Equal Employment Opportunity 56 Employee Rights and DisciplineRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesregression could be covered before either of these topics. Optional portions of Chapter 14 (multiple regression) and chapter 15 (analysis of variance) and Chapter 16 (nonparametric methods) are included in the online materials that accompany this text. A Note on Probability The content of the probability chapters is consistent with the Advanced Placement Statistics course description. It includes both a traditional treatment of probability and probability distributions at an introductory level, as well

Information System Project Management - Click To Get Solution

Question: Discuss about theInformation System Project Management. Answer: Feasibility Analysis Medical Affair Department comprise of the medical experts having an unparalleled experience about projects. Their diligence in medical affairs helps in maintaining clinical performances(PSI, 2016). Such groups are forming essential part of the todays bio pharmaceutical industry as they will be providing their assistance through availing the services of regulatory agencies, hospital consultants, key opinion leaders (KOLs) having a great scientific and medical knowledge about the values and the correct usages of products. The professionals working in Medical Affair Department were striving for the highest scientific integrity, so that they will be able to produce the successful clinical trials and provide their valuable contribution in the growth of market. Their activities were overlapping with the sales, clinical growth, Medical marketing and customer services. Now the team members of the Department has prepared a Medical Monitoring Plan also known as Safety Management Plan that will provide detailed instructions and explicit information for the safety reporting progress and study specific medical reporting process(Inventiv Health Vlinical, 2016). Technical Feasibility The technical feasibility of the Medical Affair Department can be outlined through its activities where project management group of the department were providing their services for standing out from other CROs of the industry. The staff members were hardly wired for meeting the study timelines and driving the goals of the movement over forwarded and focused directions. They were covering the areas where quality of enrolment and hard deliverables is everything(Crowley-Nowick, 2013). The project managers of the industry are known for their quality of service as on-time project delivery is the compulsory part of their working. Their 95% of success is drawn by the Patient Enrolment Expertise that has been completed on timely basis and ahead of the schedule, year after year. This program took place in three phases in which they have achieved their goals for multiple indications and trial complexities consistently from Phase I to Phase III(Kinapse , 2011). Economic Feasibility The rising healthcare costs have forced the employers and government to put their reliance on the controllers. The medical industry is facing challenge for the research and development productivity and there is overall risk-averse in regulatory environment(iconplc, 2016). There is heavy pressure on Medical Affair Department for the maintenance of continuous focus over the optimization of medical value and this has made the conditions critical for the survival of pharmaceutical organizations. All the reforms of Medical Affair Department have promised to intensify the trend. The increase in costs and economic value of medical activities took place due to gradual shift in the decision making power of the physicians over the stakeholders, who were ultimately driving the containment of costs. The engagement of key opinion leaders (KLOs) and advisory board have increased the demands of public scrutiny and greater transparency through the financial disclosures. The department is continuousl y upgrading their understandings of what the value means for the patients and stakeholders in the broader spectrum of society. For example: When patient thinks of out of pocket cost, at the same time physicians keep their focus over the reimbursement(Callan et al., 2014). Operational Feasibility One big mistake by the pharmaceutical company led to greater demand for the transparency of data, operations and policies. The increase in level of transparency will exert higher pressure over the pharmaceutical companies levying responsibilities of data dissemination and data generation. Therefore, the Medical affair Department has channelized some methods in which the companies need to prepare more detailed patient data that will form the basis for the trials of approved drugs and will discontinue the investigation that are easily accessible by the researchers(Diaglobal, 2016). Data management is the core in the clinical trial services. Its implementation in the day to day operational activities standardizes and processes consistent guarantee and high quality data. The delivery of data is made after getting an assurance of quality. This is ensured through validation and verification of procedures at each stage of the process. Such management of quality drives the acceptance on huge basis. This is not only adopted by Medical Affair Department while it is the global approach that is recognized through global compliance(GI LEAD, 2016). Requirement Specification Given below are some of the specifications providing review about the capabilities of Medical Affair Department: Project Scope Presently, the medical affair department is handling the enquiries manually but it was found that through Medical Enquiries Database assistance can be provided to the staff in daily work and allow them to respond towards the medical enquiries efficiently and effectively. The scope of the project will be described in the light of proposed system and it is as follows: It helps in providing an easy access towards the reference information. An easy access will provided for the past enquiries and researched responses. It will help in providing a statistical analysis about the medical enquiries that has been received previously. It will allow the user to make a rapid construction for the written replies. Project Objectives The objective of this project is to: To provide accurate clinical and technical information about the products and services of Medical Affair Department. To acknowledge about the partnering and collaborating departments dealing with Medical Affair Department. To keep the reviewers up to date with new regulatory challenges and processes. To provide an overview about the medical education activities and key claims in accordance with the relevant code of practice. To make a determination about the challenging competitors and internal departments, wherever appropriate. Functional Specification The functional specifications of the project are determined through defining about the instances and main theme of the study. The important function of Medical Affairs Department is to answer the medical enquiries about the medical products. Such information is usually received from the internal customers such as representatives as well as external customers that involves list of persons like retail and hospital pharmacists, doctors, consumers, drug information centres and others. The medical enquiries are received via fax, telephone and letter or in person. It ranges from very simple questions to the complex questions that can be easily resolved through answering over the telephone or either takes hours of research for the formulation of responses(pharmiweb, 2013). The responsibilities of the Medical Affair Department have risen with the merger of two pharmaceutical companies. They were now needed to handle the large number of enquiries with the increased portfolio of products. Pres ently, for resolving the enquiries, they record the receipt and reply them. The whole system works on paper based environment(Evers et al., 2016). Non-Functional Specification The non-functional specification will contain brief information about the issues that were addressed in the study. The inefficiencies of paper-based environment not only sidetrack the medical professionals while also creates delay in reimbursements and even requires compromise care. The recording of enquiries and resolving through Medical Enquiries Database would not only streamline the workflow while also reduces the operating cost(Hostetler, 2016). Apart from it, it will also enhance the experience of the patients. This strategy will not only transform the medical practices while also helps in making effective management of records. But such practices often require large investment and compelling for motivation through implementation of large scale solution. With the use of new technological innovations not only make the system efficient while also help in spending more time with the patients. In the paperless environment, many general practices can be developed such full integrati on of Window-based system including an access towards the full electronic medical records(Brooks, 2016). Project Constraints The modification in the traditional working environment creates many complexities. Similarly, here is the same case. The exploration of Medical Enquiries Database System, however reduce dependence on paper based environment but it will require some ambulatory care settings and requires proposal of some reasonable steps. One of the most critical steps in this process is to choose the knowledgeable and an experienced partner who will analyse the whole documentation system and helps in proposing the plan that will be most suitable in such kind of practices. This will help in gaining an insight that which benefit will be more suitable in particular medical practices and keep the favour on the part of patients. Another emerging issue is related with the resistance of staff for the change. The clinical environment is already highly interrupted and non-linear environment. Physicians may deny for making the changes because after the exposure of medical facilities through paperless environmen t, they may require to spend substantial amount of time over the computers and less over the medical care. Any solution that consumes higher time period is apt for the resistance. Project Work Breakdown Structure The project has discussed about a Medical case study of the Medical Affair Department that is compelling about the common issues of paper based system for the recording of enquiries. The topic has been evaluated in the light of feasibility study containing technical feasibility, economic feasibility and operational feasibility. Figure 1: Work Breakdown Structure Further analysis is done through defining some points under requirement specification containing information about scope of the project, objectives of the project, functional and non-functional specifications and constraints of the project. This study is quite useful for the further researches because it is demonstrating about the challenges of the paper based environment and the issues in maintenance of records of enquiries. It is further suggested about some of the strategies through which an attention towards the maintenance of the health records system can be gathered. References Brooks, C., 2016. Document Management Systems: A Buyer's Guide. [Online] Available at: https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/8026-choosing-a-document-management-system.html [Accessed 24 August 2016]. Callan, R.S. et al., 2014. Effectiveness and feasibility of utilizing E4D technology as a teaching tool in a preclinical dental education environment. Journal of dental education, 78(10), pp.1416-23. Crowley-Nowick, P.C.-N.J.S.a.P., 2013. The Role of Medical Affairs in Moving from RD to Commercialization. [Online] Available at: https://www.bioprocessintl.com/analytical/qa-qc/the-role-of-medical-affairs-in-moving-from-randd-to-commercialization-341871/ [Accessed 24 September 2016]. Diaglobal, 2016. Building a competent Medical Affairs team to support business needs: A personal perspective. Diaglobal. Evers, M. et al., 2016. What does a Medical Affairs Manager Do? McKinsey Company. GI LEAD, 2016. Senior Manager, Medical Affairs, Health Economics and Outcomes Research. [Online] Available at: https://gilead.avature.net/careers/FolderDetail/Foster-City-California-United-States-Associate-Director-Medical-Affairs-Health-Economics-and-Outcomes-Research/31582 [Accessed 24 September 2016]. Hostetler, R., 2016. A Realistic Transition Toward the Paperless Medical Practice. Healthcare Lanier Worldwide, Inc. iconplc, 2016. Medical Affairs. [Online] Available at: https://www.iconplc.com/services/clinical-research-services/medical-safety-services/medical-affairs/ [Accessed 24 September 2016]. Inventiv Health Vlinical, 2016. Medical Scientific Affairs. [Online] Available at: https://www.inventivhealthclinical.com/phase-ii-iii-clinical-trials-medical-and-scientific-affairs.htm [Accessed 24 September 2016]. Kinapse , 2011. Performance Management in Medical Affairs. Kinapse Consulting. pharmiweb, 2013. What does a Medical Affairs Manager Do? [Online] Available at: https://www.pharmiweb.com/features/feature.asp?ROW_ID=1661#.V-ZXnih97IW [Accessed 24 September 2016]. PSI, 2016. Medical Affairs Division. [Online] Available at: https://www.psi-cro.com/full-service-cro/medical-affairs/ [Accessed 24 September 2016].

Othello Masterpiece Essays - Othello, English-language Films

Othello Masterpiece In all of Shakespeare's great novels there are many experiences, tragic or otherwise that one can learn from. Shakespeare's novel Othello is not an exception this rule. Throughout Othello there are many examples of mistakes made by the characters that a reader can learn from. Learning from the flaws of others is one way that one can learn form Shakespeare's Othello. In the novel Othello there are many of these flaws throughout the story. There are many ways one can learn from the novel Othello. The major theme throughout Othello is that a man named Othello has made the mistake of letting his emotions get in the way of his reasoning. In the novel the main character Othello is a intelligent, well educated, worldly man that should not have let his emotions get the best of him. This is one example of a learning experience that is brought up in Othello that illustrates how one should not let emotions overpower reasoning. The theme throughout Othello seems to be that the wise Othello has let his emotions get the best of him. A character named Iago has stirred up Othello's emotions. Iago was shown throughout the novel telling Othello lies about his wife and friends. Othello started to see this as the truth. Othello was seemingly brain washed by Iago, into believing that his wife was unfaithful and his friends had betrayed him. This is another example of a learning experience that was brought forth in the novel Othello. The tragic flaw that Othello possessed was the combination of these two flaws. This is what Shakespeare seems to express as the most important moral experience that occurred in Othello. The combination of emotions such as jealousy and distrust made Othello make harsh decisions based purely on emotion. These emotions were brought on by the character Iago forcing his lies on to Othello. Shakespeare shows through these experience not just Othello's flaws but one of mans own tragic flaws. Another less major flaw that was Shakespeare brought forward in his novel Othello was the issue of rushing into things. Othello and Desdemona rushing into marriage illustrate this. This again is an example of emotion. The act of eloping seems to be done when the two are in the heat of passion. Again Othello has let his emotions get the best of him. In Shakespeare's Othello, there are many examples of mistakes made because of raw emotions. Othello has many faults that are shown throughout the course of the novel. Although Othello seems to have many of these faults his major fault is that he lets his emotions get the best of him. Shakespeare explores the way that emotions get the best of people in his play. The major learning experienced throughout the play is that one must control ones emotions. Shakespeare shows that even a seemingly great man such as Othello can let emotions dictate what he is going to do. This is what one can learn from Othello.

buy custom Factors of School Violence essay

buy custom Factors of School Violence essay The home background can be a major cause of indiscipline in students. Children that have been victims of abuse as well as parental violence are more likely to end up being violent. Some form of violence occurs as a result of individual differences that maybe attributed to heredity. Researchers also indicate that some form of violence occur as a result of groupings. Some environmental effects which are physical may be the cause school violation. The media can play an important role in influencing young people negatively for instance its well known that people become violent by watching or taking part in violent actions. Some people become violent when others provoke them by insulting them or abusing them. Other factors that can make students to be violent include frustration, effects of alcohol and other drugs, humiliation as well as embarrassment. Discipline is one of the best gifts that one can give to a child. Discipline is what makes training complete. Therefore insufficient discipline among the students is the major cause of the damages and havocs being experienced in our learning institutions. Where there is any form of success discipline must have been there. Therefore large investment in education without instilling disciplines in the students is a worthless journey. There are two forms of discipline for instance self and imposed discipline. There has been a drastic change in the lives of children in the past few years. The things that children used to worry about decades of years ago are not what are troubling the children of today (Shafii Shafii 2001). The things that children worry about include violent deeds against them or their other family members. The truth is life has become very dangerous for the children in our time. Statistics that has been done reveals that about one out of every ten children knows of another child who has been shot. This includes children from age ten to seventeen. The number of children that are victims of abuse has significantly increased in the past few years. Children are naturally innocent but this innocence has been replaced with violence. At school children fear fights and as a result they go home in fear and other times they are forced to spent their nights in bathtubs in order for them to be sure of their safety. Even children that come from safer neighborhoods are not left out because you cannot predict when violence shall struck. Children have been exposed to violence in almost all the stages of their lives. Violence is seen at school, homes and even their neighborhoods. Our daily news never misses information about child abduction and that is the reason the same has manifested at our schools. At home children see and learn violence from the television. Statistics has shown that an average child observes about eight thousands scenes of violence and about a hundred thousands acts of violence before completing their elementary studies. When the child reaches age eighteen this approximation are most likely to have doubled. By the fact that people become violent by watching violent scenes gives a good reason for the violence that is happening at our learning institutions (Elliott, Hamburg Williams, 1998). Buy custom Factors of School Violence essay

Product Offering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Product Offering - Essay Example Additionally, there are a variety of local muffin suppliers through bakeries and coffee shops. Still, the most prominent forms of competition remain in the entrenched multinational firms. These corporations have established strong footholds not only in the muffin market, but also in a variety of confectionary goods. One of the industry leaders in these regards is Otis Spunkmeyer. This company is most prominently positioned in the American market, but will remain a strong competitor. Additionally General Mills, Nestle, and the Rich Products Corporation constitute prominent multinational competition ("Otis spunkmeyer industry," 2012). Because of the challenge of competing with local bakeries and the large-scale multinational corporations, the organization must develop a unique product offering. While muffins remain the dominant product there is a specific recognition related to the production of these muffins. In this way the company seeks to gain competitive advantage through innovating supply chain processes that allow them to offer products with similar quality of the local bakeries, at the price of the larger multinational companies. Additionally, the company will focus on innovating a small array of products, namely a variety of muffins. One considers that Apple, Inc. adopted a similar minimalist strategy in terms of technological innovation ("The 6 pillars," 2011). Through shifting the product offering to only muffin varieties the company will be able to gain a competitive advantage over other corporations that spread their focus over a variety of

Curriculum Development Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

Curriculum Development Process - Essay Example Engagement – students are allowed to post more entries than required in the blog and comment on the texts of more students. The level of participation evidences their initiative and interest in the activity. Cultural knowledge – students search for supporting materials which can be related to Spanish-speaking culture and communities, and they acquire new cultural knowledge by sharing materials and experiences with others. Knowledge integration – writing posts in a blog and researching for it helps students develop ICT skills; students are given opportunities to find and read information on history, geography, society, art, and literature of Spanish-speaking countries. According to the expectations of the stage 6 syllabus, students have acquired a significant understanding of the function of grammar in Spanish (Board of Studies NSW, 2009: 17), a deep basis for the approach to complex authentic texts in this language. Additionally, they have practiced listening, reading, writing and speaking skills, they have studied Spanish for many hours, and they have acquired knowledge and experience on Spanish language and culture. This unit of work covers the topic Lifestyles within the theme The Spanish-speaking communities, and it relates to the theme The individual as well, because the own experience and the experience of other individuals is considered. I will show students that they have access to a variety of resources to regulate their own learning process since they can find bilingual and monolingual dictionaries, read newspapers and magazines in Spanish, and watch videos, among others.

Effects of Soda Drinks on Health

Effects of Soda Drinks on Health Nguyen Thi Ngoc Tam INTRODUCTION Healthcare has become the primary concerns of public. There are many factors to ensure people health’s quality. Among them, food-stuff has a directly impaction on people health. At the time when food-stuff industry develops swiftly, it is really hard to distinguish between good and bad products. Especially, chemicals have been misused to add on processing products – not only on food, but also on drinks. Soda is the most popular drinks in the world. It appears in over 200 countries. However, not many users know how much sugar and carbonate they consume after drinking a can of those, which has strong affection on their health. This paper will discuss the issue of soda’s influences on people health in the United State and propose some solutions to these problems. DEFINITION Soda – another name of soft drinks or carbonated drinks – is a bizarre mixture of a great deal of sugar (or high fructose corn syrup), corrosive phosphoric acid, caramel coloring and a well-known drug – caffeine (Dillan, 2013). Beverages are usually packed by can, glass or plastic bottle, supper-sized bottle for some kinds. They can be seen in any supermarkets, restaurants or simple junk food stall. Moreover, they are colorful, eyes catching and cheap. It is partly explained the reason they are familiar to the major group of American, especially teenagers and young adults. SITUATION In recent years, people drink more and more soda. One of the biggest consumers is the United State with the sales volume increased up to 170 liters per one year in 2012 (Check, Dodson and Kirk, 2012). There is a big number of people who get addict to soda. According to Coca-Cola, there were 1.7 billion soda servings sold every day in 2010 (Coca-Cola GB, n.d.). Count out of only America, about 48 percent reported drinking at least one glass of soda per day. Among them, 20 percent drank more than 2 glasses (Saad, 2012). Carbonated drink has many reasons to become so popular and addictive. They were sold and advertised everywhere, the price is moderate. Especially, it contains plenty of sugar (or high fructose corn syrup) and caffeine, which provide instant energy and vigilant. However, long term drinking too much sugary drinks can lead to a lot of diseases. New Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) research suggests that roughly 180,000 obesity-related deaths worldwide—includin g 25,000 Americans—were associated with the consumption of sugary drinks (Hsph.harvard.edu, n.d.). PROBLEMS The issue of high soda consumption has led to several problems. Firstly, soda contains big amount of sugar. In 12-ounce can of coke, there are about 39 grams of sugar, which is about 9 1/3 teaspoons (Coffman, 2013). This amount of sugar would transform to about 154 calories in human body. According to American Heart Association (AHA), limit for daily added sugars intake is 100 calories (about 6 teaspoons) for women and 150 calories (about 9 teaspoons) for men (Heart.org, 2014). It can be seen that only a 12-ounce can of coke transcend the maximum sugar permission level for a day. The caloric excess can cause many diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure. Author of The Small Change Diet: 10 Steps to a Thinner, Healthier You, Keri Gans, said that â€Å"One 12-ounce soda a day translates into 16 pounds of extra weight over one year! If you drink one 20-ounce bottle of soda (which contains about 250 calories), you will drink up about 91,000 calories, which translat es into 26 pounds of extra weight!†. The proportion of overweight adults and obese adults in 2014 is 35.3 percent and 27.7 percent respectively. This obesity rate was the highest annual rate Gallup and Healthways have measured since beginning to track obesity in 2008 (McCarthy, 2014). Absorption of lots of sugar caused blood glucose levels to rise higher than normal. This is also called type 2 diabetes. The redundance of glucose in bloodstream can lead to heart and blood vessels diseases, nephropathy, eyes damage (Mayoclinic.org, 2014). Secondly, carbonated beverages brought about several problems of bones and teeth by its phosphoric acid. Tufts University researcher, Katherine Tucker, found that women who drank more than three 12-ounce servings of cola per day had 2.3 to 5.1 percent lower bone mineral density in the hip compared with women who consumed less than one serving per day (Enews.tufts.edu, 2003). Moreover, acid and acidic sugar byproducts in soft drink soften tooth enamel, contributing to tooth decay (Colgate.com, n.d.). Children and teenagers usually do not consume enough calcium in their diet while they drink soda more often. Long term beverages intake can reduce the amount of calcium in their bones and teeth. If this happens day after day, users will be at high risk of osteoporosis. This kind of illness considerably impact on human’s health and daily activities. In addition, beverages usually accommodate a great quantity of caffeine – about 45 to 60 milligrams. Caffeine is a kind of drug because it changes how you brain works. It is also considered to be stimulant. This chemical crosses the blood-brain barrier and gets inside the brain and central nervous system (Scott, 2014). Consumers may feel excited and alert when they use, however, stimulant can brings many bad effects to their body, even their brain. Caffeine not only brings users energy, it also triggers and releases stress hormones. It means the benefit only occur temporarily, after that, the body will feel exhausted and distracted. Drinking too much soda a day is the same with absorbing plenty of caffeine, which can easily cause insomnia, fatigue and stress. In fact, there are some phenomena occur to the abuser of caffeine. Although they are awake, they can not concentrate to what they are doing or feel light-headed – no physical strength. Undoubtedly, soft drink is no t effective as expectation, it just cheat on human’s feeling. Besides, a study of University of California San Francisco (UCSF) has shown thatdrinking sugary drinks was associated with cell aging. â€Å"Regular consumption of sugar-sweetened sodas might influence disease development, not only by straining the body’s metabolic control of sugars, but also through accelerated cellular aging of tissues.† saidElissa Epel, PhD, professor of psychiatry at UCSF and senior author of the study. The survey also indicated daily consumption 20-ounce of sugary drinks shortened life expectancy by 4.6 years (Leung et al., 2014). SOLUTIONS These issues bring a lot of negative aspects, not only for individuals but also for the country and society. However, there are several possible solutions to resolve these problems. The first solution is to raise educational awareness of citizens. To be more specific, schools can give some lectures to both parents and students. The purpose is to show them the terrible consequences of long term taking soda and teach them how to build a healthy diet or how to give up carbonated drinks. For example, they should replace daily Coke by fresh water or less-sugar juice. It is better for their skin and healthier. Besides, organizations related to food-stuff and health should conduct researches and provide convincing evidences to the citizens. It would be better to publish those lectures and researches on media such as television, radio, internets. In other words, this solution is used to gradually change the drinking habits of beverage’s consumers. Furthermore, some kinds of taxes can be increased or imposed heavily, for instance, non-alcohol carbonated drinks tax, plastic bottled beverages tax, advertise tax. There is a fact that beverages’ industry can be succeed like today, thanks to an important part to the advertising and marketing strategies. Coca Cola spent over 4 billion for marketing around the world and 3.3 billion on advertisements in 2013, represented 7 percent of its net sales (Forbes, 2014). In sum, marketing and advertisement play an important role in the level of consumer products. Therefore, restricting advertisements can reduce soda’s popularity and impaction. In January 2014, the Mexican government slapped an extra tax of 8 U.S cents per liter on sugary beverages. The result came out effectively, sale level for the biggest soft drink bottler, Coca Cola Femsa, dropped by 4.6 percent in Mexico during the first half of 2014, compared with the same period of 2013 (Guthrie, 2014). EVALUATION Those solutions above have two sides – advantages and disadvantages. This paragraph will evaluate the proposed solutions and suggest the best one. For the first solution, the good points of it are to change human’s eating habits and bring long-term effects. On the other hand, habits are difficult to change. It is very hard to overcome the psychological obstacles of avoiding favorite beverages. Moreover, to conduct a research or hold a thematic and publish them is simple and cheap. The price of making banners, advertisement or experiments’ devices is pretty high. For these reasons, this solution is time consuming and expensive though it is very effective. In comparison, the second solution succeeds almost immediately. However, it also has disadvantages which are really complex and sensitive. Taxes are under the management of the government, thus imposing new tax may impact the politics and economy problems. Once the genuine items are interfered, the contraband goo ds will take advantage of spreading which can cause serious consequences for customers. Therefore, the best solution should be the long-term increasing educational awareness. CONCLUSION Carbonated beverages have become a part of Americans’ diet. They are usually served with fast food which contains a lot of oil and calories. Totally, their meal accommodates much higher level of calories they need for a day. This prolonged situation can lead to enormous problems. For the purpose of avoiding negative consequences, human should have initiative solutions to solve those problems, especially to raise the awareness of healthcare and nutrients in soda, which cause many influences on people’s health. Overall, soda cause plenty of problems for people’s health, however, human can actively avoid them. REFERENCE LIST Coca-Cola GB, (n.d.).How many cans of Coca‑Cola are sold worldwide in a day? : FAQ. 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