Early American Literature :: essays research papers

Early American literature consisted mainly of diaries, diarys, short stories, and Indian creation stories. Since some of the language used was of older slope and other languages, early American literature was difficult to read.The first story I read was Spanish Explorers in the New World. This story was a journal of Cabeza de Vacas travels and discoveries in the New World. After having a shipwreck, he and his fellow sailors were made slaves of the Indians. They walked barefoot, bleeding and ate raw meat for food. He also set forth how one tribe took over land. De Vaca gave detailed accounts on how the Indians expired which I found interesting. The males lived in the estufas, while women lived in the house. For a proposal, the male would weave a covering fire and place it before the female. Spanish Explorers In The New World was interesting because of the detail with the Indians as opposed to other stories which involve no action.The second ready of early American literature I read was The General History. The Jamestown colony as plagued from the beginning by unfortunate circumstances. While out exploring, John smith was captured by the Indians. After being brought to many chiefs, John Smith was brought to the emperor of the Pamaunkee. The emperor had planned to kill John Smith at first by placing his head against a rock and bashing it in. Then Pocahontas, the emperors daughter, threw her head in the way and prevented his death. The emperor then decided to let Smith live and to have him as a slave. This story also had more action than some other which I read which does make it interesting, but every at a time in a while it is difficult to understand due to the Old English. This story was insightful into the lives of one tribe of Indians near Jamestown.The third passage I read was an excerpt from The Bay Psalm Book. In this the Puritans had re-edited the Bible and tried to simplify its words. Their version was modified to rhyme and to have what the Purit ans referred to as "plainness.

The Function of Desire in Relationships Between a Man and a Youth Essay

The structure and function of different types of informal relationships were an important part of Athenian culture, and more rules and traditions formed around these relationships based on the mores of society. The manlike citizens were considered the close important segment of the population, and many Greek writers address the cultural conventions, ideals, and beliefs that formed around these relationships.The three main types of sexual relationships that involved a young-begetting(prenominal) citizen are marriage, the relationship between a young man and an older mentor, and sexual encounters with prostitutes. Platos Symposium, a dialog on the nature of eff and desire, describes many of the beliefs that Athenians held, especially ab pop the relationship between a man and a youth. The main focus of this paper is the ideal function and place of desire in these male with male relationships, and the benefits this particular bond held for society. The socially accepted structure o f these relationships between an Athenian man and youth was characterized by pursuit and courtship on the part of the man. He was to go after an attractive youth, hoping to make him his beloved eromenos. The older man was expected to be the aggressive partner, pursuing the youth out of his erotic desire. In turn, the beloved was expected to be the passive partner, rejecting the mans advances for a respectable amount of time, and then to enter the relationship to learn the older man as a mentor, not as a sexual partner. This aggressive man and passive youth structure continued into sexual acts, with the older male acting as the dominant, penetrating partner, while the younger man was the passive receptive partner. According to cultural rules, however, it was considered emascul... ...in parentage of any children the married woman might give birth to after this time. In the realm of politics, a failure to serve or to fulfill ones duties was also a stain on the honor of the household and family- it is portrayed as much more public than the ideal private bond between lover and beloved. This manifestation of Celestial love benefited both the lover and beloved, as well as serving society by creating a strong bond that was characterized by its honor and virtue. This bond generated the most powerful form of loyalty a citizen man would experience, and he believes that more than any other loyalty, this love would make men honorable in battle, politics, and crease in order to make their beloved proud. In turn, the beloved sought to learn form his mentor in order to become an honorable citizen and individual, lastly passing these values on to his own beloved.

Cross Analysis Of The Shambaa Tribe :: essays research papers

I gained a personal interest in the Shambaa Tribe when one if its members Mufika Badu came and spoke to our high school peer- throng. I learned a lot of very interesting things about the people of the Shambaa tribe and the different aspects of their culture, and how they differ from the every day culture that I am exposed to. The Shambaa, also referred to as the Shambala, are a Bantu people found mainly on the West Usambara mountain range in Tanzania. Their lecture is Shambala. The homeland of the Shambaa is called Shambaai. Kings and queens rule the Shambaa people. The Shambaa kingdom is made up of several descant groups with a common origin, but a single descent group governs the kingdom. The survival of the whole descent and its steady increase in size is crucial, because the Shambaa people take great pride in the culture and they dont wont their clan to die out. The king rules over several chiefdoms. The chiefs were appointed by he king and received tribute from their chiefdoms as representatives of the king. All the riches of the land is regarded as the kings. This gives him control of his subjects and the right to demand tribute from them. The king, in return, is expected to bring rain and food to his territory. Maulid is a popular spend celebrated by the Shambaa people in which the people gather with family members and give thanks to the king in hope that he will bring unsloped fortune to their family in the upcoming year (Life In The Shambaa Nation).Peasants and slaves are the kings subjects. Peasants live in village groups under a patriarchal system. Badu described the life of a peasant as being very difficult with work days lasting from sun up until sunset, toiling in the scorching heat with only a few breaks (Mufika Buda). The peasants are free to go about their daily work on the farm and the homestead. They cave in their tribute to the king in the form of food, life stock and labor.The gender role of the Shambaa is very different then than tha t of the United States in that children start to ferment an active role in the work place at an early age. If a child is not of capable of working in the field he must stay home and tend to the younger children (Garson,W.

The Fabulous Fifties Essay examples -- essays research papers

Some may call it the fabulous fifties, but others call it a time of tensions and insecurities. Several people think back on the fifties and remember them as the erect old days, while others think of it as a time of crisis and terror. Although Americans were faced with many hardships throughout the fifties, I think that the convinced(p) aspects such as the sassy technologies, growing economy, higher focus on education, and growing job opportunities of the era outnumber the negative aspects, such as racialism that African Americans faced, and the changing roles of women, reservation the fifties an overall happy period in American register. The fifties are characterized as a watershed period, callable to the unparallel growth and change that America socially and economically experienced after WWII. In the years during the War and the Depression there was high employment, humiliated inflation and a yearning for normalcy, and stability in many Americans lives. The fifties changed all of this providing the American culture with prosperity by way of network television, variant conditioning, computers, jet travel, a national highway system, chain hotels, and franchised fast food that made businesses boom. The fifties are also characterized as a golden epoch when everything was simple and innocent. People had peace and prosperity due to the war ending, and they expressed their feelings of excitement and anticipation through their clothing with men dressing in suits and hats, and women in dresses, stockings and heels, and by going out dancing to big bands downtown, and experimenting with the new technologies and organizations of the time.With World War II bringing thousands of men back to America seeking new lives and opportunities, the US experienced an economic expansion like it had never seen before. During the middle of the twentieth century wages increased 22%, family income went up from $3,000 to $5,400, and the Gross subject field Product increased fro m $206 billion to $440 billion. In order for the country to meet the demands of the massive consumptions of the American people, industries had to expand and create more efficient ways of selling there products through advertisements, which as a result provided citizens with more job opportunities. In my opinion I think that the fifties were defian... ...greater emphasis on technology and mathematics, which provided a boom in many of these careers. The Government began building technical institutes focused on scientific, and space research encouraging Americans to further their education in these areas. After the Sputnik event, the US economy began to fall. Unemployment grew, and problems were erupting in the White House. Sherman Adams was dismissed for taking bribes, and many people were becoming to think that life was not as good as they thought it was.To many the fifties was a period when the United States prospered and dominated much of the worlds economy, a time when girls w ore poodle skirts and guys wore trounce jackets and danced around to Elvis and rock & roll. When Americans began to take advantage of leisure time experiencing new inventions like hula-hoops, Barbie dolls, becoming active in sports like baseball and football, and making television a dominant part of mass media. Although it was also a time when society underwent world shattering changes, it was a period in history that helped stabilized a country that just got out of war and prepared America for the changes that it experiences in the upcoming years.

Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- Edgar Allan Poe, Biography

The spirits of the dead, who stood, In life before thee, are again, In death around thee, and their will, Shall overshadow thee be excuse( liven up Of The Dead). As the begin Of disgust Poe approved to write approximately his feelings in a more, disturbing and haunting way. He wrote many great poems about death, ghosts, and even some love stories but in a twisted way. Poe had a deep love for writing and for much of his life could not lot that with the ground. Once he got into college, Poe started overlap his works with others. Soon he became famous and earned the name Father Of Horror. Edgar Allen Poes tragic life guide to a fascination with the disastrous side which is certainly evident in The Raven.Edgar Allen Poe was a talented poet, who wrote many poems and books. Poe was born on January 19th 1809 in Boston Massachusetts(biography.com). He passed away(predicate) on October 7th 1849, after being found unconscious in Baltimore, Maryland (poetryfoundation.org). When Poe w as only a year gray both his parents split up, and because of that he neer really knew his father(biography.com). Also his mother passed away when he was only 3, so he had little to no remembrance of her(biography.com). After his mothers death Poe had to live with a tobacco merchant and his wife(biography.com). He lived in Richmond, Virginia until he decided to leave to attend the University Of Virginia(biography.com). His adopted father,John Allan, who he lived with when his mother passed, never gave him enough money to pay for all the costs of college(biography.com).Therefore Poe turned to gambling to cover the cost(biography.com). Poe was a very broken case-by-case that had been through an enormous count of problems(biography.com). When he came back home one time he discovered t... ... through great troubles all of his life, he still decided to share it with the world in the best way he could. Without his poems, Poe probably wouldnt be the poet he is known for today. As th e Father Of Horror Poe really brought his poems to life in a haunting and deeply saddening way but also in a good way.Works CitedEdgar Allan Poe lifetime. Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, 1996. Web. 03 Feb. 2014. Edgar Allan Poe. Poets.org. Academy of American Poets, 1997. Web. 03 Feb. 2014. pick up to PoeStories.com. Poestories. Robert Giordano, 31 July 2005. Web. 03 Feb. 2014. Edgar Allan Poe. The Poetry Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. Poe, Edgar Allan. Spirits Of The Dead. Poemhunter.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe. The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- Edgar Allan Poe, BiographyThe spirits of the dead, who stood, In life before thee, are again, In death around thee, and their will, Shall overshadow thee be still(Spirits Of The Dead). As the Father Of Horror Poe loved to write about his feelings in a more, disturbing and haunting way. He wrote many grea t poems about death, ghosts, and even some love stories but in a twisted way. Poe had a deep love for writing and for much of his life could not share that with the world. Once he got into college, Poe started sharing his works with others. Soon he became famous and earned the name Father Of Horror. Edgar Allen Poes tragic life led to a fascination with the dark side which is certainly evident in The Raven.Edgar Allen Poe was a talented poet, who wrote many poems and books. Poe was born on January 19th 1809 in Boston Massachusetts(biography.com). He passed away on October 7th 1849, after being found unconscious in Baltimore, Maryland (poetryfoundation.org). When Poe was only a year old both his parents split up, and because of that he never really knew his father(biography.com). Also his mother passed away when he was only 3, so he had little to no memory of her(biography.com). After his mothers death Poe had to live with a tobacco merchant and his wife(biography.com). He lived in R ichmond, Virginia until he decided to leave to attend the University Of Virginia(biography.com). His adoptive father,John Allan, who he lived with when his mother passed, never gave him enough money to pay for all the costs of college(biography.com).Therefore Poe turned to gambling to cover the cost(biography.com). Poe was a very broken individual that had been through an enormous amount of problems(biography.com). When he came back home one time he discovered t... ... through great troubles all of his life, he still decided to share it with the world in the best way he could. Without his poems, Poe probably wouldnt be the poet he is known for today. As the Father Of Horror Poe really brought his poems to life in a haunting and deeply saddening way but also in a good way.Works CitedEdgar Allan Poe Biography. Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, 1996. Web. 03 Feb. 2014. Edgar Allan Poe. Poets.org. Academy of American Poets, 1997. Web. 03 Feb. 2014.Welcome to PoeStories.com. Poestories . Robert Giordano, 31 July 2005. Web. 03 Feb. 2014. Edgar Allan Poe. The Poetry Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. Poe, Edgar Allan. Spirits Of The Dead. Poemhunter.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe. The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014.

Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- Edgar Allan Poe, Biography

The spirits of the dead, who stood, In life story before thee, are again, In death rough thee, and their will, Shall overshadow thee be remedy(Spirits Of The Dead). As the render Of mutual exclusiveness Poe loved to write about his feelings in a more, disturbing and unyielding way. He wrote some corking poems about death, ghosts, and even some love stories but in a twisted way. Poe had a deep love for committal to writing and for much of his life could not share that with the world. Once he got into college, Poe started sharing his works with others. Soon he became famous and earned the name Father Of Horror. Edgar Allen Poes tragic life led to a fascination with the dark side which is certainly evident in The Raven.Edgar Allen Poe was a talented poet, who wrote many poems and books. Poe was born on January nineteenth 1809 in Boston Massachusetts(biography.com). He passed away on October 7th 1849, after being found unconscious in Baltimore, mendelevium (poetryfoundation.org ). When Poe was only a yr old both his parents split up, and because of that he never really knew his father(biography.com). Also his mother passed away when he was only 3, so he had little to no memory of her(biography.com). After his mothers death Poe had to live with a tobacco merchant and his wife(biography.com). He lived in Richmond, Virginia until he decided to leave to imitate the University Of Virginia(biography.com). His adoptive father,John Allan, who he lived with when his mother passed, never gave him enough money to pay for all the costs of college(biography.com).Therefore Poe turned to gambling to carry on the cost(biography.com). Poe was a very abject individual that had been by means of an enormous amount of problems(biography.com). When he came back home one time he discovered t... ... through great troubles all of his life, he still decided to share it with the world in the best way he could. Without his poems, Poe probably wouldnt be the poet he is known for today. As the Father Of Horror Poe really brought his poems to life in a haunting and deeply saddening way but also in a good way.Works CitedEdgar Allan Poe Biography. Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, 1996. Web. 03 Feb. 2014. Edgar Allan Poe. Poets.org. Academy of American Poets, 1997. Web. 03 Feb. 2014.Welcome to PoeStories.com. Poestories. Robert Giordano, 31 July 2005. Web. 03 Feb. 2014. Edgar Allan Poe. The Poetry Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. Poe, Edgar Allan. Spirits Of The Dead. Poemhunter.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. The Tell-Tale sprightliness by Edgar Allan Poe. The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- Edgar Allan Poe, BiographyThe spirits of the dead, who stood, In life before thee, are again, In death around thee, and their will, Shall overshadow thee be still(Spirits Of The Dead). As the Father Of Horror Poe loved to write about his feelings in a more, disturbing and haunting w ay. He wrote many great poems about death, ghosts, and even some love stories but in a twisted way. Poe had a deep love for writing and for much of his life could not share that with the world. Once he got into college, Poe started sharing his works with others. Soon he became famous and earned the name Father Of Horror. Edgar Allen Poes tragic life led to a fascination with the dark side which is certainly evident in The Raven.Edgar Allen Poe was a talented poet, who wrote many poems and books. Poe was born on January 19th 1809 in Boston Massachusetts(biography.com). He passed away on October 7th 1849, after being found unconscious in Baltimore, Maryland (poetryfoundation.org). When Poe was only a year old both his parents split up, and because of that he never really knew his father(biography.com). Also his mother passed away when he was only 3, so he had little to no memory of her(biography.com). After his mothers death Poe had to live with a tobacco merchant and his wife(biograp hy.com). He lived in Richmond, Virginia until he decided to leave to attend the University Of Virginia(biography.com). His adoptive father,John Allan, who he lived with when his mother passed, never gave him enough money to pay for all the costs of college(biography.com).Therefore Poe turned to gambling to cover the cost(biography.com). Poe was a very broken individual that had been through an enormous amount of problems(biography.com). When he came back home one time he discovered t... ... through great troubles all of his life, he still decided to share it with the world in the best way he could. Without his poems, Poe probably wouldnt be the poet he is known for today. As the Father Of Horror Poe really brought his poems to life in a haunting and deeply saddening way but also in a good way.Works CitedEdgar Allan Poe Biography. Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, 1996. Web. 03 Feb. 2014. Edgar Allan Poe. Poets.org. Academy of American Poets, 1997. Web. 03 Feb. 2014.Welcome to PoeS tories.com. Poestories. Robert Giordano, 31 July 2005. Web. 03 Feb. 2014. Edgar Allan Poe. The Poetry Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. Poe, Edgar Allan. Spirits Of The Dead. Poemhunter.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe. The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014.

Comparative Essay: Metamorphosis and Oedipus Essay

Metamorphosis by Frank Kafka and Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, although written in completely different time periods and by different authors, still deal with similar issues. One issue that they have in common is family relationships, how they ar broken, then connected again. Gregor from Metamorphosis has a weapons-grade love for his sister and counts on her to be there for him, plainly when the closely horrific thing happens to him, surprisingly it is his mother who cares for him more. And Oedipus, in Oedipus Rex, his mother rejects him at birth, but ironically takes him in later as her husband. Gregor and Oedipus had rattling different relationships with their families yet eventually or the inability to perceive reality.The relationship that Gregor and Oedipus had with their mothers shows how the position or family segments status really does matter in ones reality. It was.a child of Laius house.(Oedipus pg.58) Oedipus realizes that when he was born his mother instantly rejected him because of a prophecy. Yes, master- They said twas on direct of whatsoever wicked spell.(Oedipus pg.58) Jocasta sends Oedipus to be killed in order to keep her husband safe. . And husband, to the woman who bore him (Oedipus pg.38) As the years go by, Jocasta later takes in Oedipus, ironically, oblivious(predicate) that he is her son, and marries him. Yet strangely enough she wants him when he is grown and his true identity is not known, while when he was born, she wanted him dead. Just as Jocasta did to Oedipus, in Metamorphosis, Gregors mother did not pay much attention to him when he was a normal person. Instead she ignored him generally and then later when he turned into a bug gave him great amounts of attention and love. Ironically during the play of Oedipus Rex, Jocasta takes on a motherly role towards Oedipus even though she is now his wife by saying, What is the means of this loud argument , you quarrelsome men?You are reservation much of some un consequential grieva nce. (Oedipus pg.43) Jocasta realizes that Oedipus is her son and again rejects him by sidesplitting herself. Gregor too was used by his family yet in his case it was for the income he brought into the house. Both Jocasta and Gregors mother only acknowledged them after they went through some kind of transformation. Gregors mother wanted to see him and seemed to be the only one who wasnt repulsed by him being a bug. Yet she had a very ironic presence in the novel as in front hand it was his sister who had really cared for him and now couldnt stand him. Through this, he sawing machine the reality of the relationships he had been exposed to all his life.The Oedipus complex is when the boy understands that he has to become just like his father to impress his mother. This occurs with Oedipus when he marries Jocasta and would of course generate to be better than her last husband without knowing that it was actually his father. Both Gregor and Oedipus connect with their mothers to a gr eat extent yet ironically spend most of their lives in a battle with their fathers and unintentionally trying to become them.Every father and son has some type of struggle at some range in their lives to see who will succeed and who is better. Oedipus and Gregor are two men who die fighting in this struggle against their fathers to find the stability in their newfangled lives. Gregor is used by his father and his family for the income that he supplies yet when he turns into a bug his father despises him and refuses to believe that it is his son. If only his father did not keep making this intolerable hissing sound It made Gregor lose his head completely.(Metamorphosis pg.19) His father turns into a threatening figure and begins to hiss.One apple, thrown weakly, grazed Gregors top and slid off harmlessly. But the very next one that came flying after it literally forced its way into Gregors back. (Metamorphosis pg. 39) His fathers hissing is a token of him being intimidated and th e apple thrown at Gregor was a symbol of something being forced onto him. These serve as metaphors for Gregors perception of reality towards the challenges of life. Gregor tries to leave his father, but his father chooses to fight and wound Gregor. In contrast, it is Oedipus who wounds his father and eventually kills him. Between these two characters, it is Oedipus who conquers his father, where as Gregor never accomplished that goal.Gregors relationship with father in front was tolerable, but Gregor was not intimate with his father or anyone else. He seemed to block himself from any emotion that took place in his life. As soon as he turns into a bug his family no longer appreciates him. Oedipuss downfall is brought about when he finally sees the truth that he himself killed his father and then as a result chooses to blind himself from the world. As Tiresias says to Oedipus, You are pleased to mock my blindness. Have you eyes, and cannot see what company you keep? (Oedipus pg.37) Oedipus goes through his life being blind to the point that he killed his father.He then chooses to blind himself because he killed his father and does not want to see the people he has hurt anymore. They had just gotten used to it, the family as well as Gregor, the money was received with thanks and give with pleasure, but no special feeling of warmth went with it any more. (Metamorphosis p.27) Gregor goes through life before he turns into a bug being blind to the fact that his parents are using him and only realizes it when he turns into a bug and sees how his family all of a abrupt take part in their own lives and go out and work and worry about income. The reason for Gregors death is that his father lodged an apple in his back and this ended up killing him. What seems most ironic about Metamorphosis is that Gregors last thoughts were about his parents.In conclusion Oedipus Rex and Metamorphosis are comparable on a basic level. Their family relationships were very similar and a t the end, led to both of Gregors and Oedipus downfall. This shows that the theme of family relationship is a common and possibly, an important theme.

Little Mermaid

This is the story of a little mermaid named Ariel, who dreams of going in a higher place the sea. When her father, King Triton, forbids her to go above the sea, she visits Queen Ursula who her father had banished. in time though she helps her arrest to get above the sea, what Ariel doesnt know is that Ursula has plans to destroy her to get revenge on her father. Ariel uses her voice to get the prince attention. In this paper I entrust use theories to summarize Little Mermaid movie.I believe Ariel is at stage 6 of Ericksons theory because she is now at the age where she think she know what hump is. Her father forbid her to go above the sea besides the love she had for the prince caused he to defy what her father instructed. Ariel was determined and will not let zero stop her. She went into a stage of isolation everything she did or thought about was revolved around getting married to the prince. She had other sisters and a father but whenever it was time for the other mermaids to sing or put on an show, little Ariel was no where to be found.When her Father learned of her defying his word, he was angry. Ariel took matters in her own hand, by consulting with the wicked Queen alone. Yes granted the wicked Queen Ursula made Ariel human, but at what cost? The cost was her voice (operant conditioning). Not really understanding how she would get the prince to know her because she was unable to talk, Ariel used her looks to entice the prince. She was like some typical teenagers today.Ariels father wanted to reinforce a positive behavior (not allowing her to go above the sea, for her safety), but Ariel acted out in a negative way (she went above the sea anyway). Ariel performed a voluntary action to get something she wanted (operant behavior). Growing up as the youngest of her other five sisters, Ariel felt a sense of inferiority to her older sister. They were all able to go above the sea but she was not because of her age (industry vs inferiority, Eriksons Psycho social Stages of Development).The feeling of inferiority that Ariel felt was so strong, that she felt the need to go above the see everyday. In Piagets theory which states as a someone goes through life Ariel was so determined to become a human that she imitated and idiolized what humans did. Each time she woud visit above the sea she would come dressing with a keepsake that humans used(comb, fork, and even the statue that fell off the princes boat during a storm one particular day. This type of behavior

Iron Crowned Chapter 3

I might oblige come to accept being pouf of the Thorn Land, and it was unassailable non to grow attached to a place you had a spiritual connection to. N angiotensin converting enzymetheless, nonhing the Otherworld offered would ever take the place of my situation in Tucson. It was a small house, and in a nice neighborhood, near the Catalina Mountains north of the city. Gateways between the worlds existed all over, facilitating travel, exclusively I had an anchor in my home, meaning once I shifted come show up of the closet of the Thorn Lands gate, I was able to materialize directly in my bedroom. An anchor could be any object fastened to your essence.My roommate Tim, who hadnt seen me in a few days, was understandably shocked when I came strolling into the kitchen.Jesus Christ, Eug he exclaimed. Hed been flipping pancakes at the stove. Weve got to put a bell around your love or something.I grinned and had an inexplicable urge to hug him though I knew that would freak hi m fall come on even more(prenominal). After all the craziness in the Otherworld, his newton was a welcome sight. Well, normality might have been an exaggeration. Tim with his tall, dark, and handsome looks had taken to impersonating Native Americans (badly) in order to score chicks and make m integrityy selling his dire poetry. He rotated through various tribes, and last I knew, hed been passing himself off as Tlingit, seeing as the locals got a little less smashed off by him donning the c masseshes of a tribe living hundreds of miles away. He lived in my house rent-free in exchange for cooking and housework, and I was joyous to see him dressed in an ordinary jeans and T-shirt ensemble today.Are you making enough for two? I asked, heading straight for the full coffeepot.I constantly make enough for two. But most of it goes to waste. That last part came out as a grumble. Hed once complained about being my slave further missed my being around now.Messages?Usual place.When i n the Otherworld, I left my cell ph sensation with Tim. It perpetrated him to play secretary, something he resented since I actually already employed one. Indeed, most of the messages hed scrawled on the refrigerators white board were from her.Tue. 11 AM Lara two job offersTue. 230 PM Lara one possible client asks ASAP helpTue. 515 PM Lara still wants to talk to youTue. 520 PM Lara strikes you to finish tax paperworkTue. 1030 PM Lara wont stop callingWed. 8 AM Lara who calls this early?Wed. 1115 AM BitchWed. 1130 AM Sams Home Improvement interested in vinyl siding?I admired his detailed message taking frustration with Lara aside but my heart sank when I byword who was conspicuously missing. all(prenominal) time I came home, I secretly hoped Id see their names up there. Sometimes, on the sly, my mom would check on me. But my stepdad, Ro unload? He never called anymore, not aft(prenominal) finding out about my allegiance to the Otherworld.Tim, preoccupied with his cooking, didnt see my face. I dont realise why she keeps calling. She knows you cant get any of her messages. Why does she aim more than one? Its not same(p) a billion of them atomic number 18 magically going to get through to you.Its just her way, I said. Shes efficient.Thats not efficient, he declared. Its fringy neurotic.I sighed, wondering not for the first time if I should just let messages go to voice mail. Despite having never met, Tim and Lara were mortal phone enemies. auditory sense them bitch about each other was wearying. Nonetheless, staring at her string of calls already made me feel tired. Id once had a brisk trade as a freelance shaman, kicking out ghosts and other annoying supernatural creatures who harassed humans. Now that I moonlighted as a fairy queen, Id had to become a lot more selective with clientele. I could no longer keep up with the demand around here and snarl bad about that. I guess Roland was picking up my slack but didnt know for sure.I waited until after breakfast before considering with Lara. Pancakes, sausage, and coffee gave me the strength to deal with this latest hole of requests. Undoubtedly seeing my number on her caller ID, Lara didnt bother with formalities when I finally called.About time, she exclaimed. Has he been giving you my messages?He just did. Ive been at rest(p) for three days. You know you dont need to keep bugging him about it.I want to make sure he tells you I called.He writes them down, every one. Besides, my phones log as headspring as tells me youve called a lot.Hmphf. She let it go. Well, youre getting a lot of requests lately. Ive thinned them out, but youve still got to choose.It was almost February. We werent near any major sabbats, when paranormal activity of all time increased. Sometimes, though, it happened for no reason. It figured now would be one of those times right while I was in the middle of a war. Or, I realized, it might be happening because of that. My identities as queen and shaman were both well known among many creatures. Maybe they hoped they could get away with more while I was distracted. half(prenominal) seemed to show up for selfish purposes in our world the other half hoped to forcibly flummox Storm Kings heir on me.Okay, I said. Lets hear the priorities.We need to finish your taxes.Thats not a priority. Keep going.Single woman, stalked by a fetch.Thats serious. Ill have to get on that one.Tree elemental. In your neighborhood.Yeah, that ones here for me. He wont hurt anyone else.Phantom-infested subdivision.On a graveyard?Yup.Schedule it, and make sure the builders charged double. Their own stupid fault.Will do. Then youve got the normal weirdness. Lights in the sky. realizable UFO.Was that Wil again?Yes.Damn it Did you tell him its just the military?Yes. He also said theres been some Bigfoot sightings I froze. Bigfoot? Where?I didnt get the details. I thought it was his usual craziness. And didnt you say they dont live in Arizon a?They dont. Has there been anything weird in the news? Deaths?There was a pause, and I heard the rustling of papers. Two hikers died over in Coronado, near the Rappel Rock embroil. The report stated that they fell. Took a pair days to find their bodies. Nasty stuff. Some animals got to them.I was up and out of my chair in a flash, making the dishes on the kitchen table rattle. Tim, leafing through a magazine, looked up in alarm.Call Wil, I told her, trying to lug on one of my boots while balancing the phone. Find out where he heard about these Bigfoot sightings. If its not Coronado, give me a call plump for. If it is, no need to call. Wil was Jasmines half brother, and I avoided speaking to him when I could. One reason was that he always asked me about her. The other was that he was a crazy, paranoid conspiracy theorist. This time, he might be on to something.Lara was understandably startled. But you said Bigfoot Its not Bigfoot.Dont forget your other job tonightI wont.I disco nnected and managed to get on the other boot. Tim regarded me warily. I dont like it when you get that look.That makes two of us.He watched as I went to our hallway closet and produced a little-worn leather coat. Youre going to Coronado?Yup. naughty?Yup.He sighed and gestured to where we hung our keys near the door. Take my car. Itll handle better if you bunk into snow.I slung my satchel over my shoulder and flashed him a grateful smile. He warned me to be careful, but I was already out the door with the keys, heading for his Subaru.My look barely saw the road as I drove toward Coronado State Park. Bigfoot. No, you wouldnt find Bigfoot out here, not even in the Catalinas. Now, tell me thered been a sighting in the Pacific Northwest? Or anywhere in Canada? Yeah, itd be Bigfoot hunting time. But it wouldnt be a priority. They were generally harmless.Here? When you got a Bigfoot sighting in Tucson, it was a devoteeatic bear. Yeah I know. It was a ridiculous name, but it got the po int crosswise and really, there was nothing funny about them. They came from the Underworld and were utterly lethal. With their tall and furry appearance, it was lenient to understand why the untrained eye would mistake them for popular images of Bigfoot. Demon bears didnt fuck around either. If only two people were dead, then this one hadnt been in the area long. We were lucky even if the hikers werent. No rodents or foxes had feed on those bodies.In Tucson proper, we were enjoying our typically mild winter weather mid-seventies today, if I had to guess. As I drove higher into the mountains, the temperature dropped rapidly. I soon saw snow on the ground and signs for Mt. Lemmons travel resorts. Other signs direct me toward popular hiking and climbing areas including Rappel Rock. In and of itself, it was a popular area for outdoorsmen. With its proximity to the ski areas, the behemoth bears front shutdown was doubly dangerous this time of year.I finally reached the trailh ead and parked in a gravel lot. Only a couple other cars were there, which was a small blessing. I stepped out of the Subaru, shocked by the blast of cold air that hit me. I was not used to these temperatures. I hadnt been bred for them. Give me monsters and ghosts? No problem. But cold weather? That was a weakness. I couldve used magic to adjust the air but needed to conserve my creator. Instead, as I stuffed my arsenal into my belt not comfortable but ready for easy access I used my magic for a summoning. I mouth the ritual words, and a few moments later, a small implike creature appeared before me. He had pointed ears, smooth night-black skin, and red slits for eyes.My mistress calls, he said in a flat voice, and I answer, no doubt for some mundane task.Were going after a daimon bear, I said, moving briskly toward the trail and trying my best to ignore the cold. My jacket wasnt suited for this weather at all, but it was the best I had.A more challenging task than most, he ob served.I ignored his condescension as I stopped before the sign indicating the various routes and levels of difficulty for these climbs and hikes. Volusian was a cursed spirit Id subdued and enslaved. His male monarch made him a useful asset and a risky one. He hated me and spent a good deal of his time planning how to overcome me, should I ever lose the control needed to bind him.I closed my eyes, attempting to become one with the air rather than its victim. The world was silent here, but for the rustling of wind in the pines and chatter of birds and small animals. I spread my senses out, seeking something out of place. My abilities werent perfect, but I could often sense a presence not from our world.There. I opened my eyes abruptly and pointed near a trail marked moderately difficult. Do you feel anything? Volusian studied the area, using his senses as well. Yes. But more there. He pointed not at the trail itself but more toward its left, off into the woods. I grimaced but kn ew his senses were slightly better than mine.Off-roading. Lovely.We set out in that direction. Volusian shifted to a more ghostly form that floated along with me, rather than treading through the underbrush like I had to. It wasnt anything I couldnt handle, but it made for lento going. Yet, as I traveled farther and farther, that magical feel increased.It will sense you too, mistress, said Volusian, in a archaic show of unsolicited commentary.I didnt doubt it. Will it come after me? Or will it run?Run? No. Hide? Perhaps. There was a calculated pause. It wont try to force itself internally on you, however. The blood of the shining ones is too alluring. It will simply try to eat you.How reassuring, I muttered. Ill do the banishing. You distract it.Soon, I needed no special senses to know wed reached our goal. The forest had grown deadly silent. No more birds or other signs of life. A strong sense of wrongness make full the air. The worlds were luxuriant human, Otherworld, Underw orld. With our proximity, uncanny creatures could sometimes move throughout this world without me quality anything. Something from the Underworld was too foreign. It stuck out.Were close, I murmured. Were practically oomphfA massive arm swung out from a cluster of trees and hit me in the stomach, knocking me painfully backward. There was nothing I could do to prevent my fall onto the forest floor of sharp sticks and rocks, but I did manage to grab hold of my truncheon as I went down.A giant form loomed in front of me, almost eight feet tall. Long-limbed, with taloned feet and hands, its muscled body could easily be mistaken for that of a Bigfoot. Its ears while definitely bearlike were flattened against its head, adding to the humanoid appearance. It roared, showing a mouthful of sharp teeth. Black eyes, filled with nothing but mindless rage, peered down at me.Volusian, compelled by my orders, threw himself against the bear. The power radiating around Volusians body had the su bstantiality of a ton of bricks. The creature staggered backward, eyes shifting angrily to my minion. The fact that Volusian hadnt knocked it to the ground was concerning. They were either well matched, or the demon was even more powerful than Volusian. The latter would be problematic, seeing as I wasnt strong enough to banish Volusian.Well, that is, I wasnt strong enough to banish him and fight him. If someone else subdued him, I could have sent Volusian on. If this demon bear had the means to defeat Volusian, then Id be cake. Hopefully, the demon bear couldnt obliterate Volusian while distracted by something else me. I scrambled to my feet, holding my wand out as I prepared to open a door to the Underworld. Volusian and the demon battled it out, neither capable of killing each other.I gathered my will, channeling the power of my soul to spread past this world and the Otherworld, on to the Underworld. On my arm, a tattoo of a black and white butterfly sacred to Persephone began to burn as I touched her domain. The air near the demon dematerialized, forming an opening to the Underworld. Grabbing my silver athame with my free hand, I approached the battle, cautious of both the combatants and the forming gate.Volusian hovered over the demon, keeping its eyes directed high. I sneaked up unnoticed. With well-practiced speed, I snaked out with the athame, drawing an arcane symbol on the demons chest. Usually, banishing a demon back to its domain kept it from returning. A cover version mark like this ensured it. I didnt want to take any chances.The demons roar of rage echoed through the woods, and it turned toward me. Id anticipated this and had already scrambled away, keeping out of its reach. Really, Id been lucky the first time it hit me. It had the strength to kill me with one blow. Volusian came forward again to pull the demons attention back only, it didnt work. The demon recognized the menace I was and could feel the opening of the gate. Volusian, attacki ng and attacking, was a nuisance a painful one but one the demon could apparently ignore as it came toward me.Shit, I said. I backed farther and farther away, but the demon was quickly closing the distance. Its massive feet could trample the underbrush that slowed me so much. I worked hard to ignore just how dire my situation had become and instead concentrated on the gateway. That door grew more substantial, and soon, its power began calling to its own sucking the demon back. The creature paused in its attack. The problem was, the gate wanted to pull Volusian too. Orders or not, he moved out of range for self-preservation, which I didnt exactly blame him for. Only, without my minion to take to the woods on the demon, it now had just enough strength to fight the gate and keep coming toward me. It had to know that if it could take me out, the gate would go away too.Suddenly, I heard something approaching us, sticks and leaves crackling under strong feet or, to be more precise, p aws. A red fox much larger than a normal one sprang out onto the demons back, sinking its teeth into the furry brown hide. This brought another shriek from the demon and gave me a moments respite. I threw all my power into the gate and jerked the demon toward it. The demon flailed, unable to fight being sent back to its own world. The fox had the sense to get out of the way, its services no longer needed. The demon gave one last mournful cry and then faded from our sight. I stretched the wand toward where the demon had disappeared, sending my energy through the wands gems to banish the gate as well and reseal this world.Silence followed, except for my own rapid breathing. Slowly, birds began to sing again, and the forests natural state returned. I leaned against a tall, leafless oak in relief. The banishing hadnt been as easy as I expected, but it certainly could have ended worse like, with my death.We didnt need your help, I said. We were doing just fine.The fox was no longer t here, as Id already known. It had transformed into a tall, muscled man, with deep, golden-brown skin and black hair that barely touched his shoulders. He was a kitsune, a shape-shifting Japanese fox from the Otherworld. Actually, he was half-kitsune. His mother had been the kitsune his father a mortal from Arizona. Power-wise, it made little difference.Yeah, said Kiyo, crossing his arms over his chest. He needed no coat and simply wore a burgundy T-shirt. You seemed to have it all under control.We were about to, I retorted.Actually, mistress, said Volusian, deadpan, your death was probably imminent.Oh shut up, I snapped. Youre dismissed. Go back to the Otherworld. Volusian vanished.I turned back to Kiyo. What are you doing out here anyway?He shrugged, and I worked hard to ignore the effect his physical appearance always had on me. Same thing as you. Im on Wils mailing list. When I heard about the Bigfoot sightings I sighed and turned back the way wed come. I dont need your help.I wa snt coming to help you. He caught up with me easily. I was coming to kill a demon bear. You just happened to be here first.Considering the trouble Volusian and I had had, I doubted Kiyo could have taken out the demon through brute force. Kiyo was strong, yeah, but hardly all-powerful. Unfortunately, he was all-bravery. He rushed into impossible situations, ready to defend others even at cost to himself. Hed always been reckless that way except for once.And that was the core of our problems.Kiyo and I used to date, wrapped in a deeply romantic and physical relationship. His continual disapproval of my Otherworldly relations had begun to fracture things between us. The final break had occurred after Leith had raped me. Kiyo had come to rescue me but had refused to punish Leith. Kiyo had advised a tamer programme of action letting Otherworldly justice take its course. Dorian, however, had opted for on-the-spot justice hed run Leith through with a sword. Kiyo and I had broken up shor tly after that.You were outclassed, I told Kiyo. There are a billion other creatures running loose right now. If you want to help, go after them.Ah, yes. I forgot, he said. Tucsons fountain caretaker is too busy playing queen.I came to a halt and glared. Im not playing at anything Controlling the Thorn Land wasnt my choice, and you know it.Thats true. It was Dorians choice one he tricked you into. Yet, somehow that doesnt matter, and now its okay for you to shack up with him and wage war.I started moving again, marching through the woods in a overcast of anger. When wed broken up, Kiyo had been sad and withdrawn. Over time, hed gotten his spunk back and now whenever we ran into each other didnt hesitate to express his opinion of Dorian, the war, or anything else Otherworldly I was snarled in.The war wasnt my choice either, I said at last, after refusing to respond for several minutes.Stopping it wasnt exactly out of your control either.So what are you expression? That I shoul d just stop now and surrender?No. His calmness was annoying. But there must be a peaceful way to end it. To negotiate something.Dont you think weve tried? I exclaimed. How bloodthirsty do you think I am? Every diplomat we send is either given stupid demands or met with death threats.I like the use of we. I wonder how seriously Dorian is taking the peace process.I could see the parking lot through the trees ahead. Good. I needed to be away from Kiyo. His presence was stifling. It stirred up too many feelings, too many feelings I didnt want to deal with.Dorian isnt running this by himself. Were in it together, and we have tried to settle with Katrice.And as thats failed, youre now going to march in with your allies and take her land with overwhelming force, expanding your empire.We reached the gravel lot, and I turned on Kiyo in full anger, hands on my hips. We dont have any allies. And I dont want another ground I sure as hell dont want an empireHe shrugged. Say whatever you want, but everyone knows youre looking for people to join up with you.And Katrice is doing the same, I said smoothly. I hear shes visited the Willow Land quite a bit.Ah, that broke him. Kiyos smug, cool faade faltered. Nothings decided, he said stiffly.But your girlfriends no fan of Dorian and me. Shes afraid of us. How long, Kiyo? How long until she and you fight against us? I was gaining ground he was on the defensive. He and Maiwenn the Willow Queen had once been lovers theyd even had a daughter together. Id never believed their just friends claims since our breakup.Kiyo took a step forward, leaning toward me and fixing me with that dark, dark gaze. Shes not my girlfriend. And were staying neutral.I gave a shrug as masterfully unconcerned as the one hed given me earlier. If you say so. And I like your use of we. Except, you dont really have an equal share in it, do you? You just run along and follow her orders.Damn it, Eugenie He clenched his fists. Why do you have to be so He coul dnt finish, and as we stood there, so close, I became sensible once more of his body and the memories of our time together. I remembered what that body could do in bed. I remembered the way wed laughed, how easily wed connected. The Otherworld consumed so much of my time lately, but I was still half human. The human part of me called to other humans.And as he looked down at me, the anger softening a little, I had a feeling he was thinking the same thing. If he had any lingering attraction, the animal attributes in him would make this doubly awkward. My physical appearance would trigger sexual attraction that much more quickly. Even my scent could arouse him.He looked away. Well. None of that matters. You should go home. Youre freezing.Im fine, I said automatically, like I wasnt shivering and cover in goose bumps.Of course you are. He glanced back at me, a small, wry smile on his face. Be careful, Eugenie.With what exactly? I asked.Everything.With that, he shape-shifted back into a fox a smaller, normal one and scampered off through the trees. Naturally, he was too hard-core to have driven up here. Suddenly feeling drained, I got out Tims keys and turned toward the car. Id done what I needed to, that was what counted. I didnt want to think about Kiyo or war or anything like that. I wanted to go home and rest before the next job.A tingling along my spine made me drop the keys as I felt an Otherworldly presence appear behind me. I spun around, pulling my wand back out as I did. There, before me, was a ghost. It was female, looking like shed died in her midthirties. Her translucent form washed out any color, but her hair was curly and shoulder-length, her clothing casual. Seeing a ghost outdoors was rare they tended to be attracted to material things. Still, location didnt matter. They were dangerous. I pointed my wand at her, banishing words upon my lips.Wait, dont she cried, holding up her hands.Pleading ghosts werent uncommon. Sorry. This isnt your world. Yo u need to move on. Its for the best.Please. Not yet. I need to talk to you, Eugenie Markham.I frowned, wand still poised and ready. How do you know my name?Because Ive come to ask for your help. I need you to find out who killed me.

Personal Plan for Success

A Personal Plan For Success I often wondered how people succeeded in balancing their personal lives and maintaining a career at the same duration. One has to take a backseat, I thought. Through the years, I slang come to realize that it is non necessarily the case. When I came here to this country to work, I got to meet many people who I deal come to admire in their pursuit and success in supporting a well-balanced family and professional life. Then I said to myself, It is not blowzy yet rattling possible. Growing up, I always pass been a planner. I want to know how things exit transpire and when they will be accomplished.I do this to a fault at times however so uttermost it has guided me through life. At this point in my life, I faecal matter truly separate that I have accomplished most of what I have set reveal to attain. I am married to a great man and I have a good career as a critical care registered nurse. This time I have unflinching to take an opposite big st ep in my life I decided to draw out my education and go for my masters degree. Time to manufacture another plan for success. Many people have asked me why I finally decided to go to graduate school after all these years of working as a registered nurse.My answer would always be, Its time. Before I reached the last to go back to school, I have put a lot of thought into it because I know it will not be an easy channel to travel but my decision felt right. Getting my masters degree will help me define a career path that will allow me to branch out to another field of nursing that has interested me. It will open up new opportunities to use my acquired nursing skills and knowledge. Acquiring a graduate degree will allow me to advance professionally and will help me become more marketable in the competitive healthcare line of work market.To succeed in something, I must set goals both short-term and semipermanent. These goals serve as a guide so that I may support focus on what I wan t to accomplish at the end. I am a realistic person so I want to have goals that are reasonable. My long-term goal is to find a job that would allow me to spend more time with my family and at the same time be professionally and financially satisfying. For my short-term goals, I know that I will have to succeed in several of them before I reach the put to deathment of my long-term goal. At this time my short-term goals are to learn how to be a student again, to learn how to avigate through my online school and to be able learn how to fulfill my assignments and readings required to pass my courses in school. There are quarrels that present themselves to me at this time. (Nellen, 2000), To be able to have control over your time, dont allow it manage you (para. 2). This is probably the most difficult challenge I have. Coming home from a full 12-hour shift, I am just too deteriorate to do any schoolwork. Attending on an online program helps because I can do things at my own pace. T o manage my time, I try to keep a schedule and follow it as strictly as I can.It is my way of developing a new habit so that school will not be so much of a stressor. I rely a on my calendar to guide me on what to do daily. I find this very helpful, especially in making sure I do not miss any deadlines, meetings or other things that I need to do. other challenge is the financial aspect of going back to school. In the kind of economy we are in, I sometimes need to work some overtime to make ends meet but being in school takes my time away from that. To tackle this situation, my husband and I decided to change our working situation a bit.He started a part- time job to augment our budgetary needs while I am in school. I also decided to take out a student loan to take off the burden of paying for school at this time. This may sound confusing to some people but just getting back to the student mindset is a challenge too. It has been quite a long time since I had study and do assignments and projects. I have to remind myself that I am back in school and that there are things that I need to do . To overcome this, I have set aside two hours a day for me to be a student. At this time I do my readings and other schoolwork.I am hoping that by doing this I will be able to include it in my daily routine so that I can budget my time better. When a person has goals, it is weighty to set mileposts that would mark the achievement of these goals. These help in encouraging one to persevere toward the fulfillment of his ultimate goal. My first milestone would be when I successfully pass my first course of my masters program. This is important because this tells me that I can do it. This conveys to me that the adjustments that I have made to meet my challenges work.A second milestone would be when the time comes that I can navigate through the different applications in the online learning system with ease and comfort. The final milestone would be loss that final course to compl ete my masters program. This would validate that all my hard work was worth it. For a good plan to work, it is important that everybody choreatic in it fully understand what is going on. Effective communication plays a fundamental and essential part in this. Every day and every fleck we communicate whether it may be verbally or non-verbally.Martha Graham, an American modern dancer and choreographer, once said, The body says what the words cannot (Lewis, 2012, para. 2). As a person, I am very expressive. Aside from verbally communicating my thoughts, I am very transparent in my body language too. I have no problem saying what I have in my mind but there are times when I cannot fully state what I have to say in the fear that I may offend somebody or say the wrong thing. This fear sometimes hinders me from effectively saying what needs to be said. I have found myself being overly cautious in the words that I use and sometimes that comes across as me being shy of what to say.In cont rast to this, there are times when I find myself talking too fast and not allowing time to let the person I am talking to respond. Another weakness that I have is that I fail to read the non-verbal cues. I tend to get so engrossed in the communion that I look past the body language. Looking back at my communication strengths and weaknesses, I have come up with some strategies that I can use to improve my communication skills. I have to learn to listen attentively. There is a big difference between simply hearing what the other person is saying and listening to what he is trying to say.Hearing is simply receiving sound from somewhere whereas listening is being able to absorb and understand what is being said. By using this method, I can take a step back and process the conversation better so I can respond better. Another strategy that I can use is to hear the words behind the actions. I have to use the non-verbal cues sent my way to understand better what the center is. This way, i t is easier to respond appropriately. If I understand better, I can avoid that fear of being offensive and I can be more eloquent in my choice of words to use.The last and final strategy that I have come up with is the use of feedback. Feedback allows for effective communication to exist. Here the flow of ideas takes place. With feedback, it is easy to clarify certain points of the conversation that were unclear. Feedback allows for open communication and active learning. Writing this paper has made me think and summarize what has been happening the last couple of months. It has been a long journey for me to reach this point of my career. I know I will be facing challenges in the next couple of years but having goals and strategies to help me go through them will help me persevere.Knowing my strengths and weaknesses and having a plan to improve them will guide me to succeed. During my undergraduate years, I took the first step in developing a career. I learned what I needed to funct ion as a good nurse. With this new endeavor I have, I deal I will learn to be the best nurse I can be. Bibliography Lewis, J. J. (2012). Martha Graham quotes. Retrieved from http//womenshistory. about. com/cs/quotes/a/qu_graham_m. htm Nellen, A. (2000). Manage work, dont let it manage you Tips for managing your time and getting ahead. Retrieved from http//www. cob. sjsu. edu/nellen_a/time_management. htm

Advantages and Disadvantage of Total Instrument Operation

The first advantages is that native station can be a relatively cheap means of fast, high-precision measurements. -Total station packs line of site, but It does non need volleyball of the sky. Total station can be used Indoors, In a mine, or under tree cover that would not be suitable for GAPS measurement. -Third, total station Is suited to take ground measurements. Whereas GAPS Is best suited to grid or geodetic measurements, total station Is best at ground coordinates.Using GAPS to derive ground coordinates (and distance) requires use of an estimated call factor and a mathematic geode to approximate distances on the Earths surface. -The final advantage to total station is that you dont necessarily need to occupy the point you are trying to measure. Using more advanced functions the like offsets, resections, etc. You can measure a point indirectly though combinations of multiple angular and/or distance measures. Disadvantage -Firstly, line of sight is the principle disadvantage to optical measurement. GAPS does not need LOS. Secondly, (barring use of a robotic system) total station measurement requires at least a two person survey crew. GAPS only requires one person to survey. -Cumulative error is the third disadvantage. Human and tool error Is tattled with optical work. With each setup and stationing error is imparted to the measurements and subsequent setups and measurements accumulate the errors of previous setups. If you have a 5 gun, as much as 2. 5 of angular error Is Inherent to every shot. The error in gaps in not cumulative. Each shot has a knowable sphere of error that does not add up from shot to shot to shot. The final disadvantage Is that measurements are not geodetic. An estimated scale actor and correction for earth curvature Is necessary to obtain measurements relative to the ellipsoid, which Is the bum of the TM/State Plane grids. Advantages and Disadvantage of Total Instrument Operation By Bernardino -Total station needs line of site, but it does not need visibility of the sky. Total station can be used indoors, in a mine, or under tree cover that would not be suitable for -Third, total station is suited to take ground measurements. Whereas GAPS is best suited to grid or geodetic measurements, total station is best at ground coordinates.The final advantage to total station is that you dont necessarily need to occupy the point you are trying to measure. Using more advanced functions like offsets, -Cumulative error is the third disadvantage. Human and machine error is additive previous setups. If you have a 5 gun, as much as 2. 5 of angular error is inherent to -The final disadvantage is that measurements are not geodetic. An estimated scale factor and correction for earth curvature is necessary to make measurements relative to the ellipsoid, which is the basis of the TM/State Plane grids.

Organizational conflict Essay

infringe can arise when two or more people or individuals in an disposal have different interests and they pursue these interests intensely. It can also occur when people in a group have different opinions about something even though they both are working to attain the same goal they just cannot agree on how to go about it. at that placefore, conflict can be delineate as a process that starts when one individual or group believes that another is negatively affecting their progress in something.Conflict is also an synergistic process manifested in incompatibility, disagreement, dissonance between two well-disposed entities, e. g. individuals, groups or musical arrangements. Causes of conflict in an establishment Some of the causes of conflict in an organisation take on 1. Poor communication some individuals in organisations can be rude, or messages can be misinterpreted due to bad communication etiquette or poor communication. This thusly leads to conflict between individua ls. 2.Scarce resources or time when the resources are scarce, people tend to fight over the ones available, for instance, if there is only one photocopier in an organisation of about 20 people and most people want to make copies at the same time, then they will tend to argue over it, others world power want to make copies before others whitethornbe because of deadline issues. 3. Poor performance and its associated pressures if an employee is performing poorly, the supervisors or those above him/her would be very harsh and pressurize them to complete tasks in time, or improve the quality. This can cause conflict between the two.The employee can even stun fired for such. 4. Ambiguity in tasks or goals for a aggroup and its members some team leaders or supervisors, set goals that cannot be achieved or give out tasks to their juniors. This can cause hatred and conflict, causing them not to get along 5. Struggles for power and favour employees in most organisations are always in a competition for power and favours from those in management. They always seek promotions from their menstruum positions to higher positions in the organisation. Therefore, if two people are fighting for the same position, they get to be in conflict with one another.6. Social Inequality There are social classes in all organisations, those that are rich, the middle class and the poor. There can be discrimination with regard to the same whereby the rich vanquish the poor, for instance the workers who serve tea or clean the washrooms in organisations can be discriminated upon by the managers who view themselves to be in a higher social class than them. 7. Differing Inter-organisational Values People in an organisation have different values for instance, one can be humble and full of integrity era another can be very aggressive, and rude.These values that people hold can cause conflict between individuals. Effects of conflict in an organisation Organizational conflict can have eithe r positive or negative effect to the organisation, some of these effects include 1. Change- Conflict accelerates change in an organization, especially in small businesses, where it is easy to formulate and implement new policies. Conflict prompts modification of policies and operation procedures in the organization. When the conflict is extreme, an organisation may use up a complete overhaul of its leadership, bringing in new managers with ideas.2. Decrease in Productivity when an organization spends much of its time dealing with conflict, members tend to point less on the project at hand and more on conflict. As a result, organizations can lose money, donors and access to essential resources. 3. Innovation Conflict that results into healthy competition cultivates innovation and inventiveness amongst employees. In times of conflict, there is a high sense of necessity that results into the emergence of divergent viewpoints amongst employees. 4.Waste of condemnation and Resources The business may lose precious time and resources at times of conflict. Instead of concentrating on meeting their objectives, employees waste time on divisive issues. defame of business materials and funds is quite rampant when conflicting parties engage in warfare. Wrangles, stress and emotional confrontations reduce the workers productivity, and eventually, the profitability of the business. 5. Violence When conflict increases without mediation, intense situations may arise between organization members.Its unfortunate, but organizational conflicts may cause violence among members, resulting in legal problems for members and possibly the organization. 6. Members Leave Organization -Organization members who are increasingly frustrated with the level of conflict within an organization may decide to end their membership. Strategies of managing conflict in an organisation There are tailfin main approaches or strategies for managing conflict between individuals in an organisation 1. Avoiding this occurs when both parties realize that they are in conflict but act by withdrawing from it or postponing the conflict.It is a very passive approach and is best used as a stopgap measure to give oneself time to decide how best to solve the underlying problem that is causing the conflict. 2. Accommodating this occurs when one side resolves the conflict by giving in to the other side at the expense of at least one of his or her interests or ask. It is also a passive approach but it can be rational if the other party has likewise much power and is willing to use it. Accommodating might be useful if the relationship between the people in conflict is more Copernican to them than the conflict itself, thus each side might be inclined to accommodate the other.3. Compromising this occurs when both sides gain or lose in regularise to resolve the conflict making each side both partially satisfied and partially dissatisfied. 4. Forcing This occurs when one side decides t o satisfy their own needs irrespective of the impact on the other side. It is a very aggressive approach. 5. Collaborating this is an attempt made by one or both parties to fully satisfy the needs of both parties. It assumes that both sides have legitimate goals and that creative thinking can transform conflict into an opportunity for both of them to achieve their goals.

Causes and Effects of the Computer Essay

The twenty- first century is al supposey turning out to be the century of the computer. The computer revolution that started after the Second World struggle is in a flash developing exponentially and computers are beginning to influence and take over nearly either aspect of our lives. Computers are clearly changing and affecting society in many ways. The two main(prenominal) areas which computers have brought about a profound change in our lives are in the economic orbit an in the field of communication. The computer has led to immense changes in economic and subscriber line life.First, business now have to be computerized or they risk failure. Every big corporation bases its operations on computing, regardless of which sector they are in. For example, coco-cola and Levis market and sell different products and services, yet they all region on basic property without computers their operations would collapse. Second, computing is an economic dynamo. Many other countries have wi de IT sectors which drive their economies upwards. Furthermore the developed world is moving from an industrial- based economy to a computer and IT-based one.It is non just in business that computers have affected us so profoundly communication has been revolutionized totally. Firstly, whereas before, commonwealth speak on the phone, which was expensive, now they e-mail. For instance, instead of waiting weeks for a letter now we can read it instantly, seconds after its been written. Secondly, many large number use computers to communicate with people all around the world employ chat rooms and chat programs, this was impossible before the computer became widespread.As a result, now people who live thousands of miles away from each other can communicate and share information and ideas easily and quickly. In conclusion computers have a profound effect on our lives in many ways and it is in business and communication that they have had the greatest influence. In the future if the co mputer continues evolving at such speed, our business practice and methods of communication will undergo even more radical changes.

Key Features of Utilitarianism Essay

The possibility of Utilitarianism is based on the concept of utility, a opening of usefulness. Utilitarianism is a system of morality that generates us with what the or so useful thing to do in different situations and outcomes. Different Utilitarian approaches to morality have emerged from each unmatched with their own theory of good and community of concerning individuals. Featuring the main influential contri plainlyors to this theory argon Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. on that point are two types of theories, teleological and deontological theories. Firstly for the teleological theory, you would consider the ends, or the outcomes of your decision. It considers whether it is right or impairment depending on the different outcomes it might cause and not concerned with the motive or intention for an act. This is the approximately common thing to all Utilitarian, the teleological outlook. In this theory, the means justifies the ends.Whereas the deontological theory con centrates on the moral rules that wadt be broken. For this theory, the most important ethical thing isnt the result or the second of the action, but the action itself. If by nature that the action is wrong, then dont do it. For example, a deontologist could day, You should never steal, this means by the act itself of stealing is wrong. This theory suggests that the end never justifies the means. Introducing Jeremy Bentham, where his theory focuses on weighing up pleasure and pain. In 1789, in Principles of Morals and Legislation, he wrote Nature has placed human beings under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do as well as what we shall do.This is when the hedonic calculus came into the equation. Its purpose is to weigh up pain and pleasure generated by the available moral actions to find the best option. There are 7 factors that needs to be considered in this calculus before making the decision, starting with its intensity, considering how deep or superficial the bliss is, duration, how temporary or permanent the happiness is, certainty, how sure the happiness is, propinquity, how near or remote the happiness is, fecundity, how bidly the happiness is to recur or lead to future happiness, purity, how free from pain the happiness is and extent, how far the happiness-giving effects of action will spread. This suggestion will only help the majority and no the minority.It doesnt give any protection to the minority, for example the sadistic guards, where the guards gain pleasure from torturing and the helpless prisoner gets pain but in that location are a higher number of guards comparing to one prisoner. So is it correct to learn that what the guards are doing is right? For the calculas, what if someone doesnt have all the available information for e really 7 factors? Will the calculus still be put to use? Theres absolutely no guarantee in predicting the future because everyone is different. Each person has different views heretofore if its on the kindred subject. The calculus is obviously flawed. J. S. Mill on the other hand, felt that Bentham had made a mis coming back in his assessment of what human beings desired the most. Mill thought that what was more important was that happiness will be most affectively gained when individuals seek their own needs. Mill knows that Benthams theory is based on quantitative take aim and thats where he saw upcoming errors where human behaviours react to different things change everything. So, instead of concentrate on quantity, Mill focuses on the qualitative pleasures.He developed a system of higher and impose pleasures where the higher pleasure would be taken into consideration first before the lower ones. Mill stood up on the fact that pleasures of the mind were higher than those of the body. For example, Mill thought that pure bodily pleasure like food, drink, drugs and sex was not as high an objective as those o n an intellectual level. There are two types of utilitarianism, act and rule. For act, the principle of utility is faced individually. All of the acts are decided by the resulting consequences still if it might break the law. It has the benefit of being flexible where the section of justification may vary. Meaning of this is that, one day it might be the right thing to do and another day it might be the wrong thing to do. It is said that the act states the most number of good for the most number of tribe is generally good. For example, it can be in a form of satisfaction, pleasure and happiness. Act utilitarianism is the application on a case by case basis. It states that, when faced with a choice, we must(prenominal) first consider the likely consequences of potential actions and from that choose to do what we believe will generate the most pleasure.The problem with this is that we have to take every single thing into account. By every dilemma that we face, wed have to go by i t first then make a decision to act upon it. It is closely associated with Benthams theory. For rule utilitarianism, it focuses on general rules that everyone should quest after to bring about the great good for that community. For example, the rules are pursued by the undivided community giving them convenience and reasonable rules to live by which ultimately brings the best result overall. This theory leans closer to Mills theory. In any situation, an individual must obey the rule even if it doesnt lead to the greatest pleasure. By obeying all these rules, it brings the greatest good when everyone acts in the same manner.Now, there are the weak and the strong where the weak utilitarianism doesnt have to stick by the rules cause they chose not to abide by it therefore when it comes to certain situations, they have a free choice to either follow it or not. For example, although rules should be framed on previous examples that benefit society, it is possible, under specific circum stances, to do what produces the greatest happiness and break that rule. On the other hand, strong utilitarianism is where people never break the rules. So a strong rule utilitarian might say the Do not steal rule must never be broken and they would stick to it even though in some situations, it might be better if they did steal but to them, its the wrong thing to do no matter whether it brings them to a better condition.Lastly, there are other forms of Utilitarianism such as the Best Interest Utilitarianism by shit Singer where he tries to solve the problem that some pleasures are bad for us. Preference Utilitarianism by R. M. rabbit where he tries to solve the problem that people have different ideas of pleasure even if its something very small and specific, not everyone wants and thinks the same. Ending with Motive Utilitarianism by Sidgwick where he tries to solve the problem of the difficulty of predicting consequences where he elaborates on the inaccuracy of an individuals ch ances of guessing whats going to happen in the future.

How English Language Has Brought Change to Urdu Language

As my aggroup and I interviewed Amjad Islam Amjad we got to know several reasons for the changes that slope has brought to the Urdu spoken communication over the period of time. The two I impart be discussing are * Differences in schooling. * Government role in making English as an appointed nomenclature. However these two reasons are interlinked. At sir Amjads time English was taught like a overseas vocabulary in schools, after the 5th or 6th grade and now it is taught since prep.In event when a child is taken for an admission he/she is interviewed in English spoken communication and is expected to suffice in English as well. Before people could easily and fluently interact in Urdu language and children could speak in Urdu without any code mixing and code switching. They had a command over their sustain language but today translations into Urdu are even more difficult than English and are mum by even fewer people. Especially, children and young people find it easier to go for English.The current generation believes that Urdu language brings orthodoxy and limits their scope and vision. To date, when a child enters the learning stage, he is taught words and things in English. Indeed parents try to use as much English vocabulary as they can so that their child learns and speaks the higher language of the society. Analysing the governments part in bringing a change in the Urdu language, we see that it has compete a vital role by declaring English as the semiofficial language.It should not be so people have actually become confused about their m otherwise language, first language and the second language. The Advisory Board of Education in its first meeting in 1948 had resolved that the mother applauder should be the medium of instruction at the primary stage. Also, a number of institutions were established or support by the State to do basic work in Urdu from coining new terms, to translations, to developing new tools and techniques to velocity u p its adoption as an official language.The Sharif Commission, formed in 1959, had recommended that both Urdu be used as a medium of instruction from Class VI onward and in this way, in about cardinal years, Urdu would reach a point of development where it would become the medium of instruction at the university level. The Commission all the way stated that until Urdu was set to replace English, English should continue to be used for advanced study and research. Now, this control served a purpose.It allowed confusion to take root in terms of how and when and by whom it would be determined that Urdu was ready to replace English. This was a convenient method of maintaining the status quo and English was given a fifteen-year employ. The 1973 Constitution of the land was propagated with Article 251 stating (1) The National language of Pakistan is Urdu, and arrangements shall be made for its being used for official and other purposes inside fifteen years from the commencing day. 2) Subject to clause (1), the English language may be used for official purposes until arrangements are made for its replacement by Urdu. The timing of the Constitution coincides with the lapse of the fifteen year lease given to English by the Sharif Commission and hence refreshes that lease for another fifteen years. The contradiction that emerged in Bhuttos era was that on the one hand, he propagated a socialist ideology, nationalized industry and teaching method, and stood for the rights of the woeful.On the other hand, he did not make any effort to change the official language to include the poor in decision making. The elected governments of Benazir and Nawaz Sharif continued with parallel education systems and encouraged private sector English medium schools and higher educational institutions. One step that Benazirs first government took was the introduction of English as a compulsory subject from Class I in all government schools on the plea that it would enhance opportunitie s for poor children. The implementation remained weak because there was no quality teaching available.In all parts of Pakistan, more public and private institutions are coming up and promoting the use of English. The tardily held national education conference in Islamabad, attended by both the President and the Prime Minister, truism no single change in the governments policy on language education and the medium of instruction. The primary issue is not the choice of a medium or various mediums of instruction. It is the language in which the affairs of the state are managed, legislation is drafted and decisions are made.

Analysing the change in the role of the management accountant

This scat is focused on critically measuring the doggedness of the alteration in the give-up the ghost of the counselor-at-law accountant from handed-down tale maps to that of a strategic contriver and line of work spouse.The work of Johnson and Kaplan ( 1987 ) , coroneted Relevance doomed has prompted a drill-down on this query country. Though most of the research workers agree to the mend crop of the occupyion control ( burn and Baldvinsdottir, 2005 Cooper and Dart 2009 Allot 2000 Chenhall and Langfield-Smith2007 Siegel1999 Kerby and Romine 2005 Vaivio1999 Ittner and Lacker2001 Ax and Bjornenak 2007 Bhimani 2006 Roslender and Hart 2002 ) . The richness the traditional attend to still hang ons critical to others, and should function to complement the parvenu techniques or the alteration. ( Bromwich and Bhimani 1998 Burns et Al. 1999 ) . Others atomic number 18 of the position that history is still a relevant portion of the hereafter or the fixing tend ency. ( Fleischman and Funnell 2006 Luft 1997 Beaman and Richardson2007 ) .The type of organisation all bit good as the didactics whitethorn besides reign the nature of alteration. Yazdifar and Tsamenyi ( 2005 ) . This alteration does non take the same signifier in organisations, but differs in form. Sulaiman and Mitchell ( 2005 ) . With the present economical miasma, some research workers argon even recommending a return to the old ways the traditional function, ( Baldvinsdottir et al ( 2009 ) .The first subdivision of this work impart therefore reexamine these positions presented and seek to pull a comparing between these positions to see if the function of the bang controller has really changed and to what extent. This result be done pulling realize from literatures. It will instantly be followed with some of the untested-fashioned roles the counsel restrainer is taking up in organisations.Thereafter the place of traditional accountancy flesh in this new tenden cy of events will be discussed. This will change us to cognize where to put the traditional accounting function, whether it has lost its usefulness and should be wholly cast-off or should function to congratulate the new functions.Following to that, some of the new techniques in cathexis accounting that organisations ar following, the factors that atomic number 18 driving the alteration in function every bit good as their signifi stubce to the new function will be discussed. Decisions will so be drawn as to the centering controller s functions change.The altering function of the mission controller.Johnson and Kaplan ( 1987 ) be deemed to think about set the canvas in this educational activity with their book titled Relevance lost the trick up and autumn of focal point accounting. These strong footings used by them has prompted or necessitated a batch of research work in this way. They argue that the bing signifier of direction accounting lacked the k instanter-how to run into up with the dynamic lodge in environment. Their statement was supported by mentioning technological promotions, study engineering, every bit good as planetary and house servant competition as grounds doing the bing patterns inadequate.Harmonizing to an article published in the Journal of Accountancy ( Most Companies penury Their Certified public accountant to Be Business Strategists, Survey Says, 1996 ) , much much is directly organism demanded of the direction accountants within organisations. Their occupations ar traveling beyond the readying of monetary statements as accounts and reading are nowadays required of them of the info they provide. The direction comptroller is consequently a high-ranking determination support specializer .Kerby and Romine ( 2005 ) argue that for direction comptrollers to stay a relevant portion of their organisations, there must be a alteration in accent from the traditional accounting patterns which involves the numeration, analys is, reading and presentation of fiscal information. They exhort that the direction comptroller should be versed with cognition about alterations impacting the patronage of his organisation and imbibe qualities that would en fitted them map as fully fledged business spouses.Smith ( 2007 ) opined that the focal point of the direction comptroller within organisations is now switching to the external environment. That the direction comptroller is no more uniformed of what happens outwardly to his organisation, He now looks both inwards and outwards.Cooper and Dart ( 2009 ) , give support to this position that, direction comptrollers are traveling from being information providers to back uping the determination forge. Siegel ( 1999 ) , noted that direction comptrollers were earlier now non mired in the existent decision-making procedure, but acted in support of the determination shapers and subsequently got informed of facts. and the function of the direction comptroller had change d and greater portion of their clip was being spent as upcountry advisers or concern analyst within their companies.Like most of the other authors he attributes this altering function to the promotion in engineering which he states has freed the direction comptroller from what he describes as mechanical accounting . He stated that the new function of the direction comptroller now involves a batch of direct contacts with people throughout their organisations, and that they are more involved in determination devising and cross-functional squads. This he termed training from functioning internal clients to being concern spouses.The direction comptroller as strategic contriver and concern spouse.The cardinal message of this work has been on the direction comptroller presuming the function of strategic contriver and concern spouse as opposed to the traditional function of corporate bull and bean counter. The direction comptroller s function has evolved and is determining up into a st rategic fiscal contriver and director of information. The direction comptroller is said to be holding slight to dress with the everyday accounting pattern. ( Siegel 2000, Cooper and Dart, 2009, Latshaw, A. and Choi, Y. , 2000 ) . mod countries of focal point of the direction accountant accept the development of fiscal programs, information engineering systems direction, assisting in the formation of concern aims every bit good as monitoring consequences and maintaining up with selling aims. Others are direction and organisation of work force, playing consultative function in operational determinations, programmes and undertakings. ( Feeney and Pierce, 2007 ) .For the direction comptroller to work efficaciously as concern spouse, certain accomplishments must be acquired. This will complicate the tincture of analysing and treating unwritten and numeral informations into meaningful information. This should be buttressed by the ability to work efficaciously in a squad. ( Curruth, 2 004 )As concern spouse, the direction comptroller combines both the traditional function of protecting the assets of the concern with a new function of analysis and engagement in determination devising in the concern disposal. ( Kennedy and Sorensen, 2006 ) .Caron ( 2006 ) , defined stairss that should be taken for the direction comptroller to presume the place of a concern spouse. They includeActing as operation and cognition expert.He/she should be able to egress best pattern information and strategic accomplishments.Should be able to set to pattern the cognition acquired in developing strategic direction programs.He/she should be able to mobilise the human elections at his disposal.He/she should be able to circulate accounting information efficaciously.Management accounting the place of the traditional function.Although Johnson and Kaplan ( 1987 ) opined that the traditional accounting function of the direction comptroller had lost its value and brace argued that it is no more relevant to the dynamism of today s universe, non everyone believe their sentiment is best for direction accounting, and have therefore expressed their reserves. ( Bromich and Bhimani 1989 Burns et Al 1999 Yazdifar and Tsamenyi 2005 ) .Baldvinsdottir et Al. ( 2009 ) are of the sentiment that a return to the traditional or mechanical accounting methods is of great importance especially at this period of economic down-turn. They argue that although the ballyhoo about the altering function of the direction comptroller, a batch of the traditional accounting function has comparatively remained the same over several decennaries.Luft ( 1997 ) is of the position that history serves as a platform for understanding the present that the oversights of the nowadays could really be alleviated by mentioning back to history.Fleischman and Funnell ( 2006 ) , while holding with Johnson and Kaplan, that it is of import that direction accounting studies provide direction with information that wil l help them in minimising cost and improved productiveness, argue that although these activities are frontward looking, they have to be ground on what they described as intimate dependance between the past and future .They insist this is necessary because of the uncertainnesss and instabilities associated with commercial environments, coupled with the intricatsies of direction. That, direction comptrollers in the class of seeking to do the information they provide more utile to their organisations should bear in head that this should be done in observation of necessary respectable issues.Beaman and Richardson ( 2007 ) found out in their research that accounting patterns within organisations are being confined to the traditional function, alternatively of the expected function of determination support and job resolution.There has been the recognition of the broad enjoyment of traditional accounting techniques in most organisations as opposed to the supposed outlook of radically new advanced accounting techniques being choose by these organisations. ( Burns and Scapens, 2000 ) .Emerging techniques in direction accounting.Some comparatively new trends/techniques have emerged with the purpose of undertaking the insufficiencies of the traditional accounting methods. Some of them have been lauded as the new title-holders of direction accounting solution suppliers in organisations. ( Cooper and Kaplan, 1991 ) . Although these techniques are extremely praised, their acceptance and execution may non hold been as widely accepted as the ballyhoo associated with them. ( Collier and Gregory, 1995 Roslender and Hart, 2003 ) .These techniques includeActivity based cost ( ABC ) The coming of ABC has changed the pattern of cost allotment necessitating that direction accountants develop more analytic accomplishment to undertake the complexnesss of apportioning operating expenses to different cost objects utilizing cost drivers. ( Burns and Yazdifar, 2001 Byrne and Pi erce, 2007 Anderson, 1995 ) . ABC do the direction comptroller an indispensable portion of the determination doing procedure by concentrating on pertinent information needed to better steadfast public presentation financially and market wise. ( Kennedy and Affleck-Graves, 2001 ) . Kaplan and Anderson ( 2004 ) nevertheless noted that organisations have abandoned ABC because of its failure to capture the complex nature of their operations, the holds of execution and the cost consequence which are normally excessively expensive.Balanced scorecard ( BSC ) The balanced scorecard enables the direction comptroller to strategically measure public presentation and develop a model for the strategic measuring and direction systems ( Kaplan and Norton, 2007 ) . It changes accent from fiscal facet to plowing client, internal and every bit good as acquisition and growing factors of organisations. ( Kaplan and Norton, 1996 ) . This has alter the function of the direction accountant puting him strategically as a determination support specializer. ( Latshaw and Choi, 2002 ) . BSCs are adopted by houses for strategic public presentation measuring, but the result of these steps is normally developed to encompass operational scheme, nevertheless it was noted that organisations frequently fail in seeking to set BCS into a unmated usage ( Wiersma, 2009 ) . Atkinson ( 2006 ) noted that the BSC has been found deficient from empirical consequences of its benefits.Strategic direction accountingStrategic direction accounting ( SMA ) SMA shifts the focal point of direction comptroller to non-financial factors external to the organisation. ( Simmonds,1981 ) . It demands that the direction comptroller be knowing in subjects care public presentation indexs development, value concatenation analysis every bit good as capacity cost direction. It broadens the range of the direction accountant beyond the house to strategizing for competitive market and chances. ( Whiteley, 1995 ) . SMA requires the direction comptroller as a member of the cross functional squad which his function now embraces to demand to bear relevant information and expertness that will help determination devising. ( Roslender and Hart, 2001 ) . The direction comptroller now addresses the impact of other non-financial activities, the cost place of rivals, and rating of rival merchandises and services. These activities have placed the direction comptroller in the important function of strategic contriver and concern spouse. ( Whiteley, 1995 Langfield-Smith, 2008 ) .However, Roslender and Hart ( 2003 ) , noted that what constitutes strategic direction accounting is still non clearly defined. Collier and Gregory, ( 1995 ) opined that the degree of execution of strategic direction accounting may postpone in different economic systems. That is, the economic system determines the scheme and functionality of the direction comptrollers. effort resource planning ( ERP ) ERP requires the direction comp troller to hold sound cognition that will enable him to supply information that will technically run into the demands of the house. It besides demands that the MA be versed with cognition of concern maps cerebrate to production, selling and information engineering. For the direction comptroller to acquire traveling with all these maps, he needs to cook a sound inter-personal and societal accomplishments. ( Barton, 2009 Pierce and ODea, 2003 ) . It may nevertheless cut down occupations, making unemployment.Enterprise resource planning ( ERP ) enables the direction comptroller to track production by occupation, work centre, and activity ( Zimmerman, 2009720 ) . However, respondents to research carried out by Knnerley and Neely ( 2001 ) were non certain the entranceway of ERP to their organisations had made any noticeable impact.Factors driving the alteration in the function of direction accounting.The utility of direction accounting has come under examination following factors like mechanization of mill procedures and processs, information engineering, competition, and globalisation, complexness of concern among others. Some of these factors and their significance will be discussed briefly. nurture Technology ( Carruth, 2004 Beaman and Richardson, 2007 ) , noted that information engineering has enabled direction comptrollers to take more responsible functions in their organisations. The direction comptroller is now able to salvage clip in his analysis and reading of information. The direction comptroller helps in showing informations in a signifier that makes them relevant and utile for managerial intent. This involves strategizing and being involved in the determination devising procedure. Granlund, M. and Malmi, T. ( 2002 ) It has changed the nature of information and placed determination doing on information provided by the direction comptroller. ( Atkinson et al. 1999 ) .Automation requires the direction comptroller to develop more analytical accomp lishments and to be able to supply such information that will enable houses take determinations and follow such schemes that will assist them remain in competition. ( Kerremans et al. , 1991 ) . Automation is advantageous in take downing labor cost, but may make occupation losingss. ( Mantripragada and Sweeney, 1981 ) .Other factorsOther noteworthy factors driving the function alteration in direction accounting include the accent on quality, rational capital, more client focused organisations, addition in overhead cost, less of direct labor cost, and precedence on environmental and external issues. These factors have helped orient the direction comptroller s function to that of a strategic contriver and a concern spouse. The direction comptroller now takes a more proactive function in cognizing and supplying solutions to strategic issues in his organisation. The issue of competitory concern environment which is closely related to globalisation is another major factor impacting the manner direction accounting maps are handled in organisations.DecisionAlthough there have been demands for the alteration in accent on the function of direction comptroller, this alteration has non been absolute. This is because the cost and complexness of using these new techniques have made their acceptance slow.The debut of new techniques in direction accounting and the impact of assorted factors have made the direction comptroller more focussed on non-financial facets of organisations and has widened the range of activities external to the organisation, doing him a utile portion of the determination devising procedure. However recent issues following the economic downswing has suggested keeping of portion of the traditional function in combination with new techniques might be more utile. ( Balvinsdottir et al. , July/Aug. 2009 )Furthermore, the importance of these new techniques and the benefit they provide to organisations can non be overemphasized. These new inventions have m ade the direction comptroller more flexible, a solution supplier and an of import portion of the organisation as concern spouse and strategian, reconstructing relevancy. ( Johnson, 1992 ) . It is notable that though many are the advantages of implementing these new techniques, some organisations still stick to traditional accounting because it is less complex to implement, salvaging clip.