Alkanes Nomenclature and Numbering

The simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons contain only two elements, hydrogen and carbon. A saturated hydrocarbon or alkane is a hydrocarbon in which all of the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds. Each carbon atom forms four bonds and each hydrogen forms a single bond to a carbon. The bonding around each carbon atom is tetrahedral, so all bond angles are 109.5 degrees. As a result, the carbon atoms in higher alkanes are arranged in zig-zag rather than linear patterns. Straight-Chain Alkanes The general formula for an alkane is CnH2n2 where n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. There are two ways of writing a condensed structural formula. For example, butane may be written as CH3CH2CH2CH3 or CH3(CH2)2CH3. Rules for Naming Alkanes The parent name of the molecule is determined by the number of carbons in the longest chain.In the case where two chains have the same number of carbons, the parent is the chain with the most substituents.The carbons in the chain are numbered starting from the end nearest the first substituent.In the case where there are substituents having the same number of carbons from both ends, numbering starts from the end nearest the next substituent.When more than one of a given substituent is present, a prefix is applied to indicate the number of substituents. Use di- for two, tri- for three, tetra- for four, etc. and use the number assigned to the carbon to indicate the position of each substituent. Branched Alkanes Branched substituents are numbered starting from the carbon of the substituent attached to the parent chain. From this carbon, count the number of carbons in the longest chain of the substituent. The substituent is named as an alkyl group based on the number of carbons in this chain.The numbering of the substituent chain starts from the carbon attached to the parent chain.The entire name of the branched substituent is placed in parentheses, preceded by a number indicating which parent-chain carbon it joins.Substituents are listed in alphabetical order. To alphabetize, ignore numerical (di-, tri-, tetra-) prefixes (e.g., ethyl would come before dimethyl), but dont ignore dont ignore positional prefixes such as iso and tert (e.g., triethyl comes before tertbutyl). Cyclic Alkanes The parent name is determined by the number of carbons in the largest ring (e.g., a cycloalkane such as cyclohexane).In the case where the ring is attached to a chain containing additional carbons, the ring is considered to be a substituent on the chain. A substituted ring that is a substituent on something else is named using the rules for branched alkanes.When two rings are attached to each other, the larger ring is the parent and the smaller is a cycloalkyl substituent.The carbons of the ring are numbered such that the substituents are given the lowest possible numbers. Straight Chain Alkanes # Carbon Name MolecularFormula StructuralFormula 1 Methane CH4 CH4 2 Ethane C2H6 CH3CH3 3 Propane C3H8 CH3CH2CH3 4 Butane C4H10 CH3CH2CH2CH3 5 Pentane C5H12 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 6 Hexane C6H14 CH3(CH2)4CH3 7 Heptane C7H16 CH3(CH2)5CH3 8 Octane C8H18 CH3(CH2)6CH3 9 Nonane C9H20 CH3(CH2)7CH3 10 Decane C10H22 CH3(CH2)8CH3

Reflection Of God Is God - 1271 Words

Chapter One: GOD God is God, no matter how simple that statement is, it is true and always will be. No one can know God perfectly, He is infinite and no one can wrap their minds around just exactly who God is. Most of us know about God, but that is quite different from actually knowing God. Our God is bigger and greater than anything anyone could ever think of. Yet the Bible tells us many things about God and the way He works that could help us better understand Him. Our God is three in one, God being three in one is what we call the â€Å"Trinity†. Trinity is the Christian doctrine that deals with and also describes the nature of God. In the Trinity, the three persons are God the father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. If God is not†¦show more content†¦The Trinity is one of the most difficult concepts to comprehend but it seems to be easier if you recognize the distinction between a â€Å"being† and a â€Å"person.† God is only one being, the o ne and only divine being. This divine being exists as three persons, which is the Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit. This is the part where our brains gets confused because each human being is only one person, and it might seem that every being has to be one person. But that is simply just not always the case. For example a pet is a being but not a person. A plant is a being and not a person. In these cases, one being = zero persons. On the other hand an angel is a being and is a person, just like us humans, one being = one person. Once you realize that not every being is exactly one person it might be easier to grasp the concept of the Trinity. The Trinity is still a complex mystery, but we do not need to fully understand it to benefit from it. Because of Jesus’ death and resurrection, the Holy Spirit has entered into our hearts and souls, allowing us to be reconciled to God the father. If you think about almost every other religion in the world they all seem to know almost everything about their â€Å"god† and what it does and what it stands for. That is why Christians get hit so hard with the question, â€Å"Why do you believe in something you do not completely know is real?†. InShow MoreRelatedReflection About God1914 Words   |  8 PagesWhen one cannot fully understand why things in life go awry questions begin to formulate. Why me God? I have realized God will not put more on you then what you can bear. God teaches wisdom and resilience through these trials and tribulations. God has undeniably been the invisible hand in my life. He has also been the invisible hand in Olaudah Equiano, Frado, Elvira Boles, Carter G. Woodson, and James Weldon Johnson lives through trials and tribulations. I will use supporting quotes from Our NigRead MoreReflection About God2157 Words   |  9 Pagesfamously said, â€Å"What comes to our mind when we think about God is the most important thing about us.† Do you view God as a hard to please master? Do you need to work to earn his favor? Do you work hard in your own efforts to bring before him your own good deeds with the hope he will be pleased by them? Or do you see God as a righteous and gracious savior, who bestows mercy upon those who desperately need it. Regardless of how we view God, the truth is that we are all in desperate need of God’s mercyRead MoreReflection On God s The Lord God Planted A Garden Essay1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn this essay, I will take the position that God waited to create Eve in order to properly prepare Adam to be a husband/leader. Being the very first being created on earth and having no experience in how to live, God would need to teach Adam the necessary steps for a productive and successful life. Especially since there was a fallen being roaming around, God needed Adam’s full attention to establish a relationship with him, teach him the importance of guarding something precious, and that obeyingRead MoreReflection On My Belief Of God1275 Words   |  6 PagesIt’s common to not notice the tiny blessings of each day. Call it luck, God, good karma, whatever you want, but sometimes things just go right. Other times those lucky instances are so impactful that we have no choice but notice them. I attribute these miracles to God, though I have not always done so. When I began high school my belief in God was very basic, limited to the assumption that there could be no other possible explanation for the world around me. This reasoning worked for a while, butRead MoreLove Of God Reflection Paper1739 Words   |  7 Pagespresence of God and his work. From the moment we are born, we already are touched by the love of God. Throughout the ages, humans and God have always had a rocky relationship; from the time of fall of man to present day 2017, but even at our lowest points as humanity, he still has loved and cared for us. We are created in his image; we are his children and through him, we learn to love the ones around us and ourselves. But to love others and ourselves, we must first learn how to love God. Through myRead MoreReflection Paper On Son Of God1020 Words   |  5 PagesThe most impactful and visual image is when someone is nailed on to the cross. Yes, here I am talking about the story of Jesus Christ facing the crucifixion. In the movie, Son of God, the crucifixion of Jesus is powerfully illustrated. The movie focus on the narration of Jesus Christ from birth, life, sacrificial death, resurrection and the ascendance. However, the Hollywood encouraged by the church focused on the scene where Jesus was flogged and then carried his cross up on to the â€Å"skull.† WhereRead MoreReflection Paper on Death and the Power of God1242 Words   |  5 Pagesthat things often get overlooked. I will be discussing a few topics which I feel are important topics today. One of my topics is something that most of the people I know f ear, death. Another important topic that will be discussed is the power of God. Death One of the greatest fears that most people have in their lives is death. I wonder why this is so? Do people mostly fear the way that they will die? Do they feel as if they haven’t accomplished everything they have wanted to in their lifeRead MoreA Reflection On God s Mercy4135 Words   |  17 PagesI believe God is merciful. There are several non-specific memories attached to this, a series of revelations that continue to open my eyes to the mercifulness of God. These memories are pieces of conversations with my pastor and fellow believers as well as reading the Bible. There are two memories that stand out – listening to the testimonies of two others that helped me to realize how truly merciful God is for allowing me to live long enough to come to Him. As I learn more and grow in understandingRead MoreBarth Reflection God Here and Now951 Words   |  4 PagesBarth develops in God Here and Now, it becomes apparent for the need of congregation to justify, ratify, a nd promote the Bible as the living word of God. When and where the Bible constitutes its own authority and significance, it mediates the very presence of God through the congregation. Encountering this presence in the Church, among those whose lives presume living through the Bible’s power and meaning. Barth states that the Bible must become Gods Word and this occurs only when God wills to addressRead MoreA Reflection on God, Life and the Pursuit of Happiness Essay2074 Words   |  9 Pagesinterest in time only human beings are interested in it. A child will say â€Å" I have two more slips before leaving for vacation† or adults will say â€Å"thanks God is it Friday.† Regardless of how divergent the universe phenomena of fact and value may appear to be now, they are, after all, right now unified (ONE) in the reality (past-future) of the everlasting God of life; our Father. As we ascends in mind perception, as we progress inward into the discovery and unders tanding of reality, the enlarging view of

Tackles and Tears free essay sample

I grabbed my gym bag, and trudged out of the locker room, with my head hanging low. My team had just lost its third consecutive football game. Needless to say, I wasnt in the best mood. I passed my coach on the way out, and we made eye contact, which I quickly broke. I didnt want to talk, so I just walked by him. He didnt seem to mind. I stepped outside and the heat hit me like a smack in the face. It was way too hot for October, 90 degrees. I saw my dads yellow pickup in the student parking lot, and I walked towards it, dragging my feet a little. Sweat ran into my eyes. I didnt even try to wipe it off, I just squinted a little and kept walking. When I got to my dads truck, I threw my gym bag in the bed, and climbed in the passenger side. We will write a custom essay sample on Tackles and Tears or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Want to drive? my dad offered. I just shook my head, and directed the air conditioning vent towards my face. Dad pulled out of the parking lot, and made a right. You hungry? he asked. I shook my head no, but he took the growl from my stomach as a yes. He made a right onto Pigeon Hill Road, and we passed the airport. I take it the game didnt go so well? Again, I just shook my head. He stopped trying to make conversation. A couple minutes later we pulled into the parking lot of Foodbarn, a local deli. Dad handed me a ten, and said that he was going to wait in the truck. It was hot and muggy inside the store, and the man behind the counter was fanning himself with a notepad. Can I help you? Yeah, I said, wiping the sweat off of my face, Can I get a foot long turkey sub? Sure thing, he said, as he reached under the counter and grabbed the turkey. While he was preparing my sandwich, a lady walked in with two kids, a boy and a girl. She was a big lady, and had on a purple, moth eaten Winnie the Pooh shirt. It looked like shed ripped it once, and tried stitching it back up herself. Her hair was a wreck on the top of her head, and she had on more eye makeup than was necessary. Her son looked about six years old, and had on a Pokemon t-shirt. Her daughter was even younger, and was wearing an old, yellow dress that was too big for her. She walked by me, towards the checkout counter, with her kids hands firmly in her own. I could smell the sweat on her. My sandwich was ready, and when I took it to the register I heard the lady ask for a carton of cigarettes. I stood behind her. The boy looked back at me, and I smiled at him. He gave a tiny grin, but then quickly looked at the ground, and gripped his moms hand a little tighter. The lady was talking to the cashier, about the heat, and the little girl asked her mother in a hushed voice if she could get an ice cream bar out of the freezer. Her mother ignored her. So the little girl asked again, and this time, her mothe r reached down and smacked the little girls mouth, hard, and said in an angry voice, Cant you see that Im talking! She then turned back towards the cashier, and acted like nothing had happened. The cashier looked surprised, but she didnt say anything. The little girl cried and held her mouth with her free hand. She made high pitched wheezing noises every time she took a breath. Again, her mother stopped talking to the cashier, grabbed the girls arm and shook her hard. Shut Up! she yelled. I was taken aback. I couldnt believe that the mother had reacted so violently towards this little girl. The mother saw me watching, and glared darkly at me. She then paid the cashier, who had a shocked expression on her face, and left the store, half dragging her children behind her. I was in disbelief as I watched her leave the store. I placed my sandwich on the counter, and the cashier rang it up. We didnt say anything to each other. There was nothing to say. She handed me my change, I left the s tore, and got in my dads pickup. As we pulled out of the parking lot, I saw the lady and her children walking along the road. The lady already had one of her cigarettes in her mouth, and the little girl still had tears streaming down her face. Hey, Dad? Yeah, Brandon? Thanks.

Why Do Projects Fail

A Computer-assisted dispatch system (LASCAD) was implemented by the London Ambulance Service in October 1992 (Beynon-davies 1995, p.171). This was a major software project that was supposed to substitute the manual system (Fitzgerald Russo 2005, p.248).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Why Do Projects Fail? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The LASCAD system started experiencing problems only nine days after it was launched. Erroneous vehicle information was recorded by the system due to the wrong key that was pressed by a crew member (McGrath 2002, p.254). Hence, vehicles were incorrectly allocated leading to long delays. The LASCAD system soon came into a standstill because of the large and spiraling calls made by patients in order to receive help. Several calls were captured by the system within a very short time. The delay caused a massive death of patients. Eventually, the chief executive officer of LASCAD w as compelled to resign. A new LASCAD system was put in place after four years. From the case study, it is evident that the initial management of the VCF, LASCAD and the baggage-handling project were not realistic at all. In addition, the software project failed due to lack of prior testing of LASCAD’s emergency backup system. Worse still, the LASCAD’s operators lacked adequate training before the system went live (Chua 2009, p.33). In yet another project failure, a large IT software platform known as MANDATA was set up by the Australian Public Service Board in 1970 (Chua 2009, p.33). The IT project was supposed to automate personnel administration. However, the software project failed and did not meet the set objectives. The brainchild of the project retired shortly after the feasibility of the study was accomplished (Hamill Goseva-Popstojanova 2009, p.488). One of the reasons for failure was the funding restriction. Lack of adequate funding to install all the pertine nt software and maintenance of the facility was a core challenge. There was also limited support from the MANDATA users. In addition, lack of full engagement among the Rural Inclusion Support Program (RISP) workers was also noted as a major source of failure (Hamill Goseva-Popstojanova 2009, p.487). Lack of frequent interaction among the stakeholders of CONFIRM. The complexity of the project in the course of its operation hampered the smooth monitoring of all the pertinent activities. For example, the strategies used to implement changes at MANDATA were quite ineffective and complicated. These were some of the failure reasons for the large software project that was supposed to ease down operations at both the locak and national level.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Beynon-davies, P 1995, â€Å"Information systems ‘failure’: the case of the London Ambulance Service’s Computer Aided Despatch project†, European Journal of Information Systems, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 171-184. Chua, A.Y.K. 2009, â€Å"Exhuming It Projects From Their Graves: An Analysis Of Eight Failure Cases And Their Risk Factors†, The Journal of Computer Information Systems, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 31-39. Fitzgerald, G., Russo, N L 2005, â€Å"The turnaround of the London ambulance service computer-aided despatch system (LASCAD)†. European Journal of Information Systems, vol. 14 no. 3, pp. 244-257. Hamill, M. Goseva-Popstojanova, K. 2009, â€Å"Common Trends in Software Fault and Failure Data†, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 484-496. McGrath, K. 2002, â€Å"The Golden Circle: A way of arguing and acting about technology in the London Ambulance Service†, European Journal of Information Systems, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 251-266. This report on Why Do Projects Fail? was written and submitted by user Isabella Tyler to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.